Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

PM10 Emission, Sandblasting Efficiency and Vertical Entrainment During Successive Wind-Erosion Events: A Wind-Tunnel Approach

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Boundary-Layer Meteorology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A wind-tunnel experiment was carried out to measure saltation and PM10 (particulate matter with a mean aerodynamic diameter less than 10 \(\upmu \)m) emission during three successive wind-erosion events on three different surfaces: an unpaved road and two different textured agricultural soils: a sandy loam and a loamy sand. The total horizontal mass transport (Q) and the PM10 emissions (E), were measured at two friction velocities: 0.2 and 0.3 m \(\hbox {s}^{-1}\). Results indicated that Q decreased rapidly in time over all surfaces, as the Q values were only 13–17 % of the amount registered during the first event. Similar trends were detected at both wind speeds. However, E values showed a lower relative decrease in the second wind-erosion event at the lower wind speed (25–51 % of the initial amounts) than at the higher wind speed (19–28 % of the initial amounts) over all surfaces. After the second wind-erosion event, both Q and E values remained constant except for the unpaved road, where both values decreased by 50 % in relation to the second event. Emission from the agricultural soils was sustained over successive wind-erosion events even when saltation was low. The sandblasting efficiency for PM10 emission was found to be higher for agricultural soils than for the unpaved road, and increased over wind-erosion events particularly in agricultural soils, and this was also reflected in the PM10 vertical entrainment. Results suggest that sandblasting efficiency and PM10 vertical distribution can change among wind-erosion events even for the same surface. The saltation fraction to PM10 content ratio can be a simple indicator of the general behaviour of an emitting surface during successive wind-erosion events.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aimar S, Mendez M, Funk R, Buschiazzo DE (2012) Soil properties related to potential particulate matter emissions (PM10) of sandy soils. Aeolian Res 3:437–443

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alfaro SC, Lopez MV, Sabre M, Gomes L (1998) Implications of a sandblasting model for dust production by wind erosion in arid areas. In: Wind Erosion: an international symposium commemorating the 50th anniversary of the USDA’s wind erosion research at Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA

  • Alfaro SC, Gomes L (2001) Modelling mineral aerosol production by wind erosion: emission intensities and aerosol size distributions in source areas. J Geophys Res 106:18075–18084

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baddock MC, Zobeck TM, Van Pelt RS, Fredrickson EL (2011) Dust emissions from undisturbed and disturbed, crusted playa surfaces: Cattle trampling effects. Aeolian Res 3:31–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burri K, Gromke C, Lehning M, Graf F (2011) Aeolian sediment transport over vegetation canopies: a wind tunnel study with live plants. Aeolian Res 3:205–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buschiazzo DE, Aimar S, Zobeck TM (1999) Wind erosion in soils of the semiarid Argentinian Pampas. Soil Sci 164:133–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butler HJ, McTainsh GH, Hogarth WL, Ley JF (2005) Kinky profiles: effects of soil surface heating upon vertical dust concentration profiles in the Channel Country of western Queensland, Australia. J Geophys Res 110:1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Carvacho OF, Ashbaugh LL, Flocchini RG (2006) Elemental composition of PM10 and PM2.5 in ambient air downwind of agricultural operations in California’s San Joaquin Valley. In: Brebbia, CA et al. (Eds.), Management of Natural Resources, Sustainable Development and Ecological Hazards (The Ravage of thePlanet 2006). Witpress.com, Southampton. doi:10.2495/RAV110171

  • Dockery DW, Pope CA (1994) Acute respiratory effects of particulate air pollution. Annu Rev Public Health 15:107–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Etyemezian V, Kuhns H, Gillie J, Green M, Pitchford M, Watson J (2003) Vehicle-based road dust emission measurement: methods and calibration. Atmos Environ 37:4559–4571

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feng G, Sharratt B, Wendling L (2011) Fine particle emission potential from loam soils in a semiarid region. Soil Sci Soc Am J75:2262–2270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fryrear DW (1985) Determining soil particle stability with a rapid rotary sieve. J Soil Water Conserv 40:231–233

    Google Scholar 

  • Fryrear DW (1986) A field dust sampler. J Soil Water Conserv 41:117–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Gee GW, Bauder JW (1986) Particle-size analysis. In: Klute A (ed) Methods of soil analysis, vol 5., Soil Science society of America Book SeriesSoil Science society of America, Madison, pp 383–411

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillette DA (1978) A wind tunnel simulation of the erosion of soil: effect of soil texture, sandblasting, wind speed, and soil consolidation on dust production. Atmos Environ 12:1735–1743

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillette DA, Fryrear DW, Gill TE, LeyT Cahill TA, Gearhart EA (1997) Relation of vertical flux of grains smaller than 10 \(\mu \)m to total aeolian horizontal mass flux at Owens Lake. J Geophys Res 102:26009–26015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goossens D, Buck B (2009) Dust emission by off-road driving: experiments on 17 arid soil types, Nevada, USA. Geomorphology 107:118–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goossens D, Buck B (2011) Effects of wind erosion, off-road vehicular activity, atmospheric conditions and the proximity of a metropolitan area on PM10 characteristics in a recreational site. Atmos Environ 45:94–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goosens D, Buck B (2012) Can BSNE (Big Spring Number Eight) samplers be used to measure PM10, respirable dust, PM2.5 and PM1.0? Aeolian Res 5:43–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grini A, Zender CS, Colarco PR (2002) Saltation sandblasting behaviour during mineral dust aerosol production. Geophys Res Lett 29(18):1868. doi:10.1029/2002GL015248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagen LJ, Wagner LE, Skidmore EL (1999) Analytical solutions and sensitivity analyses for sediment transport in WEPS. Trans ASAE 42:1715–1721

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagen LJ, van Pelt S, Sharratt B (2010) Estimating the saltation and suspension components from field wind erosion. Aeolian Res 1:147–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison P, Kohfeld KE, RoelandtC Claquin T (2001) The role of dust in climate changes today, at the last glacial maximum and in the future. Earth Sci Rev 54:43–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houser CH, Nickling WG (2001a) The emission and vertical flux of particulate matter \({{<}}\) 10 um from a disturbed clay-crusted surface. Sedimentology 48:255–267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houser CH, Nickling WG (2001b) The factors influencing the abrasion efficiency of saltating grains on a clay-crusted playa. Earth Surf Process Landf 26:491–505

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim DS, Cho GH, White BR (2000) A wind-tunnel study of atmospheric boundary-layer flow over vegetated surfaces to suppress Pm\(_{10}\) emission on Owens (dry) lake. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 97:309–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kjelgaard J, Sharratt B, Sundram I, Lamb B, Claiborn C, Saxton K, Chandler D (2004) PM10 emission from agricultural soils on the Columbia Plateau: comparison of dynamic and time-integrated field-scale measurements and entrainment mechanisms. Agric For Meteorol 125:259–277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kok JF, Parteli EJR, Michaels TI, Bou Karam D (2012) The physics of wind-blown sand and dust. Rep Progr Phys 75: 72 pp

  • Kok JF, Mahowald NM, Albani S, Fratini G, Gillies JA, Ishizuka M, Leys JF, Mikami M, Park MS, Park SU, Van Pelt RS, WardDS Zobeck TM (2014) An improved dust emission model with insights into the global dust cycle’s climate sensitivity. Atmos Chem Phys Discuss 14:6361–6425

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Lian-You, Shi Pei-Jun, Zou Xue-Yong, Gao Shang-Yu, Erdon Hasi, Yan Ping, Li Xiao-Yan, Dong Zhi-Bao, Wang Jian-Hua (2003) Short-term dynamics of wind erosion of three newly cultivated grassland soils in Northern China. Geoderma 115:55–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • López MV (1998) Wind erosion in agricultural soils: an example of limited supply of grains available for erosion. Catena 33:17–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahowald NM, Baker AR, Bergametti G, Brooks N, Duce RA, Jickells TD, Kubilay N, Prospero JM, Tegen I (2005) Atmospheric global dust cycle and iron inputs to the ocean. Glob Biogeochem Cycle 19:GB4025. doi:10.1029/2004GB002402

    Google Scholar 

  • Marticorena B, Bergametti G (1995) Modeling the atmospheric dust cycle: 1. Design of a soil-derived dust emission scheme. J Geophys Res 100:16415–16430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKenna Neuman Ch, Boulton JW, Sanderson S (2009) Wind tunnel simulation of environmental controls on fugitive dust emissions from mine tailings. Atmos Environ 43:520–529

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGowan HA, Clark A (2008) A vertical profile of PM10 dust concentrations measured during a regional dust event identified by MODIS Terra, western Queensland, Australia. J Geophys Res 113:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McTainsh G, Strong C (2007) The role of aeolian dust in ecosystems. Geomorphology 89:39–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mendez MJ, de Oro L, Panebianco JE, Colazzo JC, Buschiazzo DE (2006) Organic carbon and nitrogen in soils of semiarid Argentina. J Soil Water Conserv 61:230–235

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendez MJ, Funk R, Buschiazzo DE (2011) Field wind erosion measurements with big spring number eight (BSNE) and modified wilson and cook (MWAC) samplers. Geomorphology 129:43–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panebianco JE, Buschiazzo DE, Zobeck TM (2010) Comparison of different mass transport calculation methods for wind erosion quantification purposes. Earth Surf Process Landf 35:1548–1555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roney JA, White BR (2006) Estimating fugitive dust emission rates using an environmental boundary layer wind tunnel. Atmos Environ 40:7668–7685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharratt B, Feng G, Wendling L (2007) Loss of soil and PM10 from agricultural fields associated with high winds on the Columbia Plateau. Earth Surf Process Landf 32:621–630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shao Y (2008) Physics and modelling of wind erosion. Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library, Vol. 37, 2\(^{nd}\) edition. Springer, Netherlands 456 pp

  • Singh P, Sharrat B, Schillinger WF (2012) Wind erosion and PM10 emission affected by tillage systems in the world’s driest rainfed wheat region. Soil Tillage Res 124:219–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sterk G, Raats PAC (1996) Comparison of models describing the vertical distribution of wind eroded sediment. Soil Sci Soc Am J 60:1914–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sweeney MR, McDonald EV, Etyemezian V (2011) Quantifying dust emissions from desert landforms, eastern Mojave Desert, USA. Geomorphology 135:21–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thorsteinsson T, Gísladóttira G, Bullard J, McTainsh G (2011) Dust storm contributions to airborne particulate matter in Reykjavík, Iceland. Atmos Environ 45:5924–5933

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Pelt RS, Zobeck TM, Baddock MC, Cox JJ (2010) Design, construction and calibration of a portable boundary layer wind tunnel for field use. Trans ASABE 53:1413–1422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walkley A, Black IA (1934) An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci 37:29–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whicker JJ, Breshears DB, Field JP (2014) Progress on relationships between horizontal and vertical dust flux: Mathematical, empirical and risk-based perspectives. Aeolian Res 14:105–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zobeck TM, Sterk G, Funk R, Rajot JL, Stout JE, Van Pelt RS (2003) Measurement and data analysis methods for field-scale wind erosion studies and model validation. Earth Surf Process Landf 28:1163–1188. doi:10.1002/esp.1033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zobeck TM, Van Pelt RS (2006) Wind-induced dust generation and transportmechanics on a bare agricultural field. J Hazard Mater 132:26–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP, CONICET-UNLPam), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina

    J. E. Panebianco, M. J. Mendez & D. E. Buschiazzo

  2. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina

    M. J. Mendez & D. E. Buschiazzo

  3. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Anguil, La Pampa, Argentina

    D. E. Buschiazzo

Authors
  1. J. E. Panebianco
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. J. Mendez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. D. E. Buschiazzo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. E. Panebianco.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Panebianco, J.E., Mendez, M.J. & Buschiazzo, D.E. PM10 Emission, Sandblasting Efficiency and Vertical Entrainment During Successive Wind-Erosion Events: A Wind-Tunnel Approach. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 161, 335–353 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-016-0172-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-016-0172-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation