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Exosomes as a storehouse of tissue remodeling proteases and mediators of cancer progression

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Abstract

Rapidly increasing scientific reports of exosomes and their biological effects have improved our understanding of their cellular sources and their cell-to-cell communication. These nano-sized vesicles act as potent carriers of regulatory bio-macromolecules and can induce regulatory functions by delivering them from its source to recipient cells. The details of their communication network are less understood. Recent studies have shown that apart from delivering its cargo to the cells, it can directly act on extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and growth factors and can induce various remodeling events. More importantly, exosomes carry many surface-bound proteases, which can cleave different ECM proteins and carbohydrates and can shed cell surface receptors. These local extracellular events can modulate signaling cascades, which consequently influences the whole tissue and organ. This review aims to highlight the critical roles of exosomal proteases and their mechanistic insights within the cellular and extracellular environment.

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Acknowledgements

Irit Sagi is an Incumbent of the Maurizio Pontecorvo Professorial Chair and wants to acknowledge European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 695437), Israel Science Foundation (1800/19), the USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation (712506-01) and The Rising Tide Foundation.

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  1. Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

    Alakesh Das, Vishnu Mohan, Venkat Raghavan Krishnaswamy, Inna Solomonov & Irit Sagi

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Das, A., Mohan, V., Krishnaswamy, V.R. et al. Exosomes as a storehouse of tissue remodeling proteases and mediators of cancer progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 38, 455–468 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-019-09813-5

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