Abstract
In this study, we developed green composites made of homogenized-bacterial cellulose, that is, gelatin containing different concentrations of mangosteen extract using tannin as a natural crosslinker. The films were fabricated using a fast and simple casting method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed uniform morphology. The water vapor permeability of the films ranged from 628 to 976 g/m2/day, which was comparable to commercial dressings. The fluid uptake ability ranged between 250 and 390%. All films in hydrated state were flexible, stable, and capable of bearing force. Furthermore, films containing the mangosteen extract had good stability, were well-embedded in the bacteria cellulose-based matrix, and could retain its bioactivity. The fabricated film exhibited good antibacterial property against S. aereus and E. coli upon direct contact according to the surface method test (JIS Z 2801), which become comparable to commercial tulle dressing. Films were nontoxic to human keratinocytes (HaCat) and human gingival fibroblasts (GF). Films exhibited anticancer properties against human oral cancer cells (CAL27). Bacterial cellulose pellicles were mechanically disintegrated into fibrils suspension and then reconstructed with the incorporation of gelatin and mangosteen extract. The novel biocomposites were created with improved antibacterial and anticancer properties. Our findings suggest that the biocomposites from bacterial cellulose, gelatin incorporated with mangosteen extract, could be an intriguing option for further research as the daily and single-use direct contact film for the treatment of skin wounds, gingivitis, periodontitis, and oral cancer.
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Acknowledgments
This research project is supported by the Second Century Fund (C2F), Chulalongkorn University, National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) N42A650201 and Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund Chulalongkorn University (CU_FRB65_bcg (37)_216_62_01).
Funding
This research project is supported by the Second Century Fund (C2F), Chulalongkorn University, National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) N42A650201 and Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund Chulalongkorn University (CU_FRB65_bcg (37)_216_62_01).
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Conceptualization, methodology, validation, investigation, formal analysis, resources and data curation: NC, MO and MP, validation: SS, writing, reviewing and editing: NC, MO and MP, supervision: MO and HU, project administration: MO and HU, funding acquisition: MO and HU.
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Chiaoprakobkij, N., Seetabhawang, S., Okhawilai, M. et al. Multifunctional bacterial cellulose-gelatin containing mangosteen extract films with improved antibacterial and anticancer properties. Cellulose 29, 6811–6830 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04685-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04685-5