Abstract
Spinal motor neurons have the longest axons that innervate the skeletal muscles of the central nervous system. Motor neuron diseases caused by spinal motor neuron cell death are incurable due to the unique and irreplaceable nature of their neural circuits. Understanding the mechanisms of neurogenesis, neuritogenesis, and synaptogenesis in motor neurons will allow investigators to develop new in vitro models and regenerative therapies for motor neuron diseases. In particular, small molecules can directly reprogram and convert into neural stem cells and neurons, and promote neuron-like cell differentiation. Prostaglandins are known to have a role in the differentiation and tissue regeneration of several cell types and organs. However, the involvement of prostaglandins in the differentiation of motor neurons from neural stem cells is poorly understood. The general cell line used in research on motor neuron diseases is the mouse neuroblastoma and spinal motor neuron fusion cell line NSC-34. Recently, our laboratory reported that prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin D2 enhanced the conversion of NSC-34 cells into motor neuron-like cells with neurite outgrowth. Moreover, we found that prostaglandin E2-differentiated NSC-34 cells had physiological and electrophysiological properties of mature motor neurons. In this review article, we provide contemporary evidence on the effects of prostaglandins, particularly prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin D2, on differentiation and neural conversion. We also discuss the potential of prostaglandins as candidates for the development of new therapeutic drugs for motor neuron diseases.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Dr. Neil Cashman for providing the NSC-34 cell line. We thank all the members of our laboratories for the research work. The author would like to thank Editage (www.editage.com) for English language editing. This work was funded in part by a grant to encourage and promote research projects in the School of Pharmacy, Nihon University (Y.K.), and by a Nihon University Chairman of the Board of Trustees Grant. The funding bodies had no role in the design of the study or the writing of the manuscript.
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This work was funded in part by a grant to encourage and promote research projects in the School of Pharmacy, Nihon University (Y.K.), and by a Nihon University Chairman of the Board of Trustees Grant. The funding bodies had no role in the design of the study or the writing of the manuscript.
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Nango, H., Kosuge, Y. Present State and Future Perspectives of Prostaglandins as a Differentiation Factor in Motor Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 42, 2097–2108 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-021-01104-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-021-01104-4