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Population dynamics of an endangered forest bird using mark–recapture models based on DNA-tagging

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Abstract

Populations of vertebrates are built of individuals of different sex, age class or stage, which often affect distinctly the population dynamics. Such intrapopulation partitioning of vital rates needs to be identified to develop efficient conservation actions. Using DNA extracted from feces and feathers we combined DNA-tagging and mark–recapture analyses to evaluate sex-specific population dynamics of an endangered population of capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus; Phasianidae). We built encounter histories for 120 individuals in the mating seasons of 2009–2011, in a study area of about 424 km2. Minimum number of individuals per mating season and estimates of population size ranged 56–67 and 76–115, respectively. Estimates of population size were consistently lower in multiple-season, open-population models than in single-season closed-population models. The super-population in the study area was 149 individuals for the whole study period. Sex-ratio was notably male-biased. Probability of recapture p ranged 0.62–0.70, and was similar for males and females. Female apparent survival φ was lower than expected, and much lower than male apparent survival. It includes however movements in and out of the sampled population, thus comparison with previously reported values based on conventional tagging should be cautious. Females showed higher turnover, indicated by higher probability β of entering the sampled population, and higher number of entries from the super-population, Bgross. Realized population growth rate ʎ was > 1 for both females and males. The combination of non-intrusive DNA-tagging and the analytical framework of mark–recapture models provided inferences on population dynamics that would have been hardly feasible with conventional methods. Male-biased sex ratios, higher female turnover and seemingly low female apparent survival were our key findings. While the whole population needs continuous monitoring, we believe that adult females deserve priority attention in evaluation and design of conservation actions.

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Acknowledgements

Many collaborators helped both in the field and with the logistics of the study. We thank Eduardo González, Víctor Rodríguez and Damián Ramos for being consistently supportive of our studies. The environmental authorities of Asturias and Castilla y León granted the permits required to access capercaillie mating areas in spring. The study was funded by grant CGL2010-15990 (MICINN, Spanish Government) to MJ Bañuelos and M Quevedo.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dpt. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, and Research Unit of Biodiversity (UMIB, UO-CSIC-PA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain

    María-José Bañuelos, Beatriz Blanco-Fontao, María Morán-Luis & Mario Quevedo

  2. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Ordenación del Territorio (INDUROT), Universidad de Oviedo, 33600, Mieres, Spain

    María-José Bañuelos

  3. Grupo de Genética y Ecología en Conservación y Biodiversidad, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Alberto Fameli & Patricia Mirol

  4. Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avd. Americo Vespucio 26, 41092, Sevilla, Spain

    Alberto Fernández-Gil

  5. Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, TR10 9FE, UK

    Rolando Rodríguez-Muñoz

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  1. María-José Bañuelos
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Bañuelos, MJ., Blanco-Fontao, B., Fameli, A. et al. Population dynamics of an endangered forest bird using mark–recapture models based on DNA-tagging. Conserv Genet 20, 1251–1263 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-019-01208-x

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