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Population-level effects of spinosad and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in Daphnia pulex and Daphnia magna: comparison of laboratory and field microcosm exposure conditions

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Abstract

Because exposure to toxicants not only results in mortality but also in multiple sublethal effects, the use of life-table data appears particularly suitable to assess global effects on exposed populations. The present study uses a life table response approach to assess population-level effects of two insecticides used against mosquito larvae, spinosad (8 μg/l) and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti, 0.5 μl/l), on two non target species, Daphnia pulex and Daphnia magna (Crustacea: Cladocera), under laboratory versus field microcosms conditions. Population growth rates were inferred from life table data and Leslie matrices under a model with resource limitation (ceiling). These were further used to estimate population risks of extinction under each tested condition, using stochastic simulations. In laboratory conditions, analyses performed for each species confirmed the significant negative effect of spinosad on survival, mean time at death, and fecundity as compared to controls and Bti-treated groups; for both species, population growth rate λ was lower under exposure to spinosad. In field microcosms, 2 days after larvicide application, differences in population growth rates were observed between spinosad exposure conditions, and control and Bti exposure conditions. Simulations performed on spinosad-exposed organisms led to population extinction (minimum abundance = 0, extinction risk = 1), and this was extremely rapid (time to quasi-extinction = 4.1 one-week long steps, i.e. one month). Finally, D. magna was shown to be more sensitive than D. pulex to spinosad in the laboratory, and the effects were also detectable through field population demographic simulations.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support for this work was provided by the French Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Spatial Planning through the National Programme for Ecotoxicology (PNETOX). The authors wish to thank Dow AgroSciences for the generous gift of Conserve® 120SC, Mr. Girand and Mr. Defois for giving access to the study sites, and Thierry Caquet for valuable discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Entente Interdépartementale de Démoustication du Littoral Méditerranéen, 165 Avenue Paul-Rimbaud, 34184, Montpellier, France

    Claire Duchet & Christophe Lagneau

  2. INRA, UMR985 Écologie et Santé des Écosystèmes, Équipe Écotoxicologie et Qualité des Milieux Aquatiques, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042, Rennes, France

    Claire Duchet, Marie-Agnès Coutellec & Laurent Lagadic

  3. Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Saint Jérôme, Institut Méditerranéen d’Écologie et de Paléoécologie, Université Paul Cézanne, C31, 13397, Marseille, France

    Evelyne Franquet

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  1. Claire Duchet
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Correspondence to Marie-Agnès Coutellec.

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Duchet, C., Coutellec, MA., Franquet, E. et al. Population-level effects of spinosad and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in Daphnia pulex and Daphnia magna: comparison of laboratory and field microcosm exposure conditions. Ecotoxicology 19, 1224–1237 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-010-0507-y

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