Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Assessing the water supply and sanitation sector for post-2015 development agenda: a focus on Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria

  • Published:
Environment, Development and Sustainability Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study assessed residents’ access to domestic water supply and sanitation in different residential areas of Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria. The aim is to provide information capable of suggesting policy response towards meeting the SDGs on water supply and sanitation in the metropolis. Out of the 16 local government areas (LGAs), Agege, Kosofe and Ojo LGAs were randomly selected to represent high, medium and low residential areas, respectively. Questionnaires were administered on 878 residents comprising 458, 306 and 114 in Agege, Kosofe and Ojo LGAs, respectively. Data collected were analysed using crosstabulation, Chi-square tests (with eta2) and analysis of variance (with Bonferroni post hoc test). Findings revealed common sources of water but variation in quantity of water residents consumed across the residential areas with average household water consumption of 171.8, 227.2 and 279.8 L in high-, medium- and low-density areas, respectively. The results of ANOVA (F = 54.482; ρ = 0.000) also indicated that volume of water consumed varied significantly across the residential density areas of the study area. For sanitation, the study found that significant portion of the residents (21.3%) made use of inadequate sanitation, mainly located outdoor (53.7%). The quality of these toilets varied with residential zones with high-density area having significant proportion of inadequate toilets (34.5%). This was further established by the result of Chi-square tests (χ = 197.265(li), ρ = 0.000). These findings have implications for policy making towards effective and sustainable intervention strategies for water supply and sanitation in Lagos and other cities with similar background.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alliance, Cities. (2007). Liveable cities: The benefits of urban environmental planning. Washington DC: The Cities Alliance.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernhardt, L. M. (2015). Water and sanitation in the 2030 agenda for sustainable development: A linked agenda. Panel contribution to the population-environment research network cyberseminar on water and population dynamics on 5 October 2015–16 October 2015. Accessed online on 30th March, 2016 at https://www.populationenvironmentresearch.org/cyberseminars.

  • Canadian International Development Agency. (2012). Towards a Lagos state climate change adaptation strategy. Prepared by the building Nigeria’s response to climate change (BNRCC) project. Prepared for the Commissioner of Environment, Lagos State, January 2012.

  • CLEEN Foundation. (2005). Criminal victimization and fear of crime in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria. CLEEN Foundation Monograph Series, No. 1.

  • Daramola, O. P. (2011). Spatial variation of household water supply and sanitation in Agege, Lagos State, Nigeria. An M.Sc. thesis submitted to the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

  • Daramola, O. P. (2015a). Environmental sanitation practices in residential areas of Ibadan Metropolis. A Ph.D. thesis submitted to Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

  • Daramola, O. P. (2015b). Conceptual modelling of residents’ environmental sanitation behaviour in a Nigerian Metropolis. Economic and Environmental Studies, 16(2), 207–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esrey, S. A., Potash, J. B., Roberts, L., & Shiff, C. (1991). Effects of improved water supply and sanitation on Ascariasis, Diarhoea, Dracunculiasis, Hookword, Infection, Schistosomiasis, and Trachoma. Bull World Health Organization, 69(5), 609–621.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fadare, S. O., & Olawuni, P. O. (2007). Domestic water supply and health of households in the three residential zones in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies, 1(2), 35–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • FGN. (2000). Water supply and sanitation interim strategy note November 2000. Accessed online in October, 2008 at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/wss_1100.pdf.

  • Gleick, P. H. (1996). Basic water requirement for human activities: Meeting basic needs. Water International, 21(2), 83–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kemeny, T. (2007). Sanitation and economic development: Making an economic case for the MDG orphan. A water aid discussion paper. Accessed online in November, 2008 at http://www.dewpoint.org.uk/Article.Aspx?ArticleID=732.

  • Kulshrestha, M., & Mittal, A. K. (2005). Diseases associated with poor water and sanitation: Hazards, prevention, and solutions. Reviews on Environmental Health, 18(1), 33–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGranahan, G., Lewin, S., Franson, T., Hunts, C., Kjellen, M., Pretty, J., et al. (1999). Environmental changes and human health in countries of Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific. London: SEI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, G. J., & Lopez, A. D. (1996). The global burden for disease: A comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020. Boston: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nabegu, A. B. (2010). An analysis of municipal solid waste in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Human Ecology, 31(2), 111–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nwanna, C. R. (2012). Gentrification in Lagos state: Challenges and prospects. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 5(2), 163–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ofong, I. (2001). Women’s rights in water and sanitation issues. In People and systems for water, sanitation and health. Proceedings of 27th WEDC Conference (pp. 260–262). Lusaka, Zambia. Accessed online on 3rd May, 2014 at http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/conferences/pdfs/27/Ofong.pdf.

  • Ojewale, O. S. (2014). Effect of residential characteristics on household solid waste and street litter management in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria. An M.Sc. thesis submitted to the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

  • Okpala, D. C. I. (1986). Institutional problems in the management of Nigerian urban environment. NISER monograph series No 15. Ibadan: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research.

  • Oladepo, O. (1993). Community health and the urban environment. In S. B. Agbola, L. Egunjobi (Eds.), Environmental health and the potential of the healthy city approach in Nigeria. Proceedings of the first healthy city conference in Nigeria, 14th–16th June, 1993 (pp. 42–48).

  • Olawuni, P. O. (2006). The effects of household environmental factors on residents’ health in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. An unpublished Ph.D. thesis in Department of Urban and Regional Planning Obafemi Awolowo University,Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

  • Olawuni, P. O., & Daramola, O. P. (2015). Assessing domestic water supply and sanitation in Agege, Lagos State, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Design and Management, 7(2), 52–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oyelola, O. T., & Babatunde, A. I. (2008). Characterization of domestic and market solid wastes at source in Lagos Metropolis, Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology., 3(12), 430–437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ringskog, E. K. (2008). Private sector participation in water supply and sanitation in latin America. Accessed in October, 2008 at http://www.worldbank.org/htme/lat/english/papers/ewsu/ps-water.txt.

  • The World Bank. (2015a). Annual urban population growth. Accessed online on 28th June, 2015 at http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.GROW.

  • The World Bank. (2015b). Annual population growth. Accessed online on 28th June, 2015 at http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.GROW.

  • UNEP. (2007). Global environment outlook 4: Environment for development. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNESCO International Hydrological Programme. (2014). Water in the post-2015 development agenda and sustainable development goals. Accessed online on 28th June, 2015 at https://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002281/228120e.pdf.

  • UN-HABITAT. (2008). State of the world’s cities 2008/2009: Harmonious cities. Nairobi: United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT).

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO. (2000a). Water supply and sanitation sector report year 2000 African regional assessment. Harare: World Health Organisation Regional Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO. (2000b). International standard for drinking water. Geneva: World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO & UNICEF. (2015). Post-2015 global monitoring: The process to identify targets and indicators for global monitoring after 2015. Access online in 28th June, 2015 at http://www.wssinfo.org/post-2015-monitoring/.

  • WHO and UNICEF. (2000). Global water supply and sanitation assessment 2000 report. Geneva: World Health Organisation. Access online on 5th August, 2008 at http://www.who.int/water-sanitation-health/monitoring/jmp2000.pdf.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

    Oluwole Daramola & Peter Olawuni

Authors
  1. Oluwole Daramola
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Peter Olawuni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Oluwole Daramola.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Daramola, O., Olawuni, P. Assessing the water supply and sanitation sector for post-2015 development agenda: a focus on Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria. Environ Dev Sustain 21, 1127–1138 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-017-0077-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-017-0077-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation