Abstract
Cold water irrigation and growth in low temperature phytotron are two commonly used methods to evaluate cold tolerance of rice at the seedling stage and the cold sensitive seedlings exhibit different injury symptoms, respectively. However, so far no one has systematically dissected the differences of cold tolerance at seedling stage in rice under the two cold environments. We used a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross of a cold-tolerant japonica cultivar, Lijiangxintuanheigu and a cold sensitive indica cultivar, Sanhuangzhan-2 for this study. The cold sensitive seedlings exhibited leaf yellowing after cold water irrigation and leaf rolling during growth in the low temperature phytotron. Leaf yellowing and leaf rolling in RILs was significantly correlated, but the correlation coefficient was low. A total of four quantitative trait locus (QTLs) on chromosomes 1, 6, 9 and 12 were detected using leaf yellowing and percent seedling survival as indicators of cold tolerance after cold water irrigation, while five QTLs on chromosomes 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12 were detected using leaf rolling and percent seedling survival as indicators of cold tolerance during growth in the low temperature phytotron. The two QTLs, qCTS-9 and qCTS-12 were detected using different evaluation indicators under the two cold environments. Our results suggest that rice cold tolerance mechanisms at the seedling stage differ between the two environments, but the detection of common QTL implies the existence of overlap in the metabolic pathways for cold tolerance. The two common QTLs have potential value in rice breeding.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andaya VC, Mackill DJ (2003) Mapping of QTLs associated with cold tolerance during the vegetative stage in rice. J Exp Bot 54:2579–2585
Andaya VC, Tai TH (2006) Fine mapping of the qCTS12 locus, a major QTL for seedling cold tolerance in rice. Theor Appl Genet 113:467–475
Dai Q, Vergara B, Visperas R (1990) Amelioration of cold injury in rice (Oryza sativa L.): improving root oxidizing activity by plant growth regulators. Philipp J Crop Sci 15:49–54
Guo L, Qian Q, Zeng D, Dong G, Teng S, Zhu L (2004) Genetic dissection for leaf correlative traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought stress. Acta Genetica Sinica 31:275–280
Han L, Qiao Y, Cao G, Zhang Y, An Y, Ye J, Koh H (2004) QTLs analysis of cold tolerance during early growth period for rice. Rice Sci 11:245–250
Han L, Qiao Y, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Cao G, Kim J, Lee K, Koh H (2007) Identification of quantitative trait loci for cold response of seedling vigor traits in rice. J Genet Genomics 34:239–246
IRRI (1996) Standard evaluation system for rice. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños
Ji S-L, Jiang L, Wang Y-H, Liu S-J, Liu X, Zhai H-Q, Yoshimura A, Wan J-M (2008) QTL and epistasis for low temperature germinability in rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica 34:551–556
Jiang L, Xun M, Wang J, Wan J (2008) QTL analysis of cold tolerance at seedling stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) using recombination inbred lines. J Cereal Sci 48:173–179
Kabaki N, Tajima K (1981) Effect of chilling on the water balance of rice seedlings. Jap J Crop Sci 50:489–494
Kaw RN, Khush GS (1986) Combining ability for low-temperature tolerance in rice. In: International Rice Research Institute (ed) Rice Genetics. IRRI, Los Baños, pp 593–612
Koseki M, Kitazawa N, Yonebayashi S, Maehara Y, Wang Z, Minobe Y (2010) Identification and fine mapping of a major quantitative trait locus originating from wild rice, controlling cold tolerance at the seedling stage. Mol Genet Genomics 284:45–54
Kuk YI, Shin JS, Hwang TE, Guh JO (2002) Mechanisms of chilling tolerance in relation to antioxidative enzymes in rice. Korean J Crop Sci 47:341–351
Kwak T, Vergara B, Nanda J, Coffman W (1984) Inheritance of seedling cold tolerance in rice. SABRAO J 16:83–86
Lee S, Wamishe Y, Jia Y, Liu G, Jia MH (2009) Identification of two major resistance genes against race IE-1k of Magnaporthe oryzae in the indica rice cultivar Zhe733. Mol Breed 24:127–134
Li L, Wang L, Jing J, Li Z, Lin F, Huang L, Pan Q (2007) The Pik m gene, conferring stable resistance to isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae, was finely mapped in a crossover-cold region on rice chromosome 11. Mol Breed 20:179–188
Liu B, Zhang SH, Zhu XY, Yang QY, Wu SZ, Mei MT, Mauleon R, Leach J, Mew T, Leung H (2004) Candidate defense genes as predictors of quantitative blast resistance in rice. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 17:1146–1152
Liu Z, Liu W, Xiao Z, Zhan Q (2010) Mapping of QTLs associated with tolerance to chilling injury in rice. Hybrid Rice 25:59–63
Lou Q, Chen L, Sun Z, Xing Y, Li J, Xu X, Mei H, Luo L (2007) A major QTL associated with cold tolerance at seedling stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Euphytica 158:87–94
Maclean JL, Dawe DC, Hardy B, Hettel GP (2002) Rice almanac: source book for the most important economic activity on earth, 3rd edn. CABI Publishing, UK
McCouch S, Cho Y, Yano M, Paul E, Blinstrub M, Morishima H, Kinoshita T (1997) Report on QTL nomenclature. Rice Genet Newslett 14:11–13
Misawa S, Mori N, Takumi S, Yoshida S, Nakamura C (2000) Mapping of QTLs for low temperature response in seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Cereal Res Commun 28:33–40
Miura K, Lin SY, Yano M, Nagamine T (2001) Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling low temperature germinability in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Breed Sci 51:293–299
Nagamine T (1991) Genic control of tolerance to chilling injury at seedling stage in rice, Oryza sativa L. Jpn J Breed 41:35–40
Qian Q, Zeng D, He P, Zheng X, Chen Y, Zhu L (2000) QTL analysis of the rice seedling cold tolerance in a double haploid population derived from anther culture of a hybrid between indica and japonica rice. Chin Sci Bull 45:448–453
Roy SKB, Patena GF, Vergara BS (1982) Feasibility of selection for traits associated with cold tolerance in rice under rapid generation advance method. Euphytica 31:25–31
SAS Institute (2000) SAS/STAT user’s guide, version 8.1. SAS Institute Inc, Cary, North Carolina, USA
Srinivasan S, Gomez SM, Kumar SS, Ganesh SK, Biji KR, Senthil A, Babu RC (2008) QTLs linked to leaf epicuticular wax, physio-morphological and plant production traits under drought stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Growth Regul 56:245–256
Suh JP, Lee CK, Lee JH, Kim JJ, Kim SM, Cho YC, Park SH, Shin JC, Kim YG, Jena KK (2012) Identification of quantitative trait loci for seedling cold tolerance using RILs derived from a cross between japonica and tropical japonica rice cultivars. Euphytica 184:101–108
Sun X, Yang Z, Wang S, Zhang Q (2003) Identification of a 47-kb DNA fragment containing Xa4, a locus for bacterial blight resistance in rice. Theor Appl Genet 106:683–687
Wang C, Tan M, Xu X, Wen G, Zhang D, Lin X (2003) Localizing the bacterial blight resistance gene, Xa22(t), to a 100-kilobase bacterial artificial chromosome. Phytopathology 93:1258–1262
Wang S, Basten C, Zeng Z (2007) Windows QTL Cartographer 2.5. Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
Xiao W, Yang Q, Wang H, Guo T, Liu Y, Zhu X, Chen Z (2011) Identification and fine mapping of a resistance gene to Magnaporthe oryzae in a space-induced rice mutant. Mol Breed 28:303–312
Xu Y, Shen Z (1989) Genetic study on cold tolerance at seeding stage between indica and japonica rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 22:14–18
Yang Z, Sun X, Wang S, Zhang Q (2003) Genetic and physical mapping of a new gene for bacterial blight resistance in rice. Theor Appl Genet 106:1467–1472
Zhan Q, Zhu K, Chen Z, Zeng S (2005) Studies on the QTLs for cold tolerance related characters of rice seedlings by molecular markers. Hybrid Rice 20:50–55
Zhang J, Zheng HG, Aarti A, Pantuwan G, Nguyen TT, Tripathy JN, Sarial AK, Robin S, Babu RC, Nguyen BD, Sarkarung S, Blum A, Nguyen HT (2001) Locating genomic regions associated with components of drought resistance in rice: comparative mapping within and across species. Theor Appl Genet 103:19–29
Zhang SH, Liu B, Zhu XY, Yang JY, Wu SZ, Leung H (2006) Relationship between blast resistance and amylose content in a RIL population derived from rice crossed SHZ-2 × LTH. Acta Agronomica Sinica 32:159–163
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30671251), Guangdong Scientific and Technological Plan (2009A020102003, 2011A020102008), Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (10151064001000012) and the key basic research project of GDAAS (07-Basic-04). We thank Professor Jan Leach in Colorado State University,USA for her valuable comments and suggestions during manuscript preparation.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, S., Zheng, J., Liu, B. et al. Identification of QTLs for cold tolerance at seedling stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) using two distinct methods of cold treatment. Euphytica 195, 95–104 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-013-0977-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-013-0977-0