Abstract
In this study, we made an inventory of the stream and headwater ichthyofauna of the left bank of the Itaipu Dam Reservoir, located in the lower part of the Upper Paraná River basin, using an integrative approach of molecular and morphological data. The area is located in the western portion of the Paraná state in Brazil, in an area of about 8,000 km2 highly impacted by deforestation and intensive agriculture. For taxonomic identification of species, we used an identification key combined with the DNA barcoding approach. We found 48 species belonging to six orders, 13 families, and 37 genera. The Siluriformes and Characiformes were the most representative orders (75%) and the Characidae was the most representative family (20.8%). Nine species prevailed in this region, making up to 86% of all specimens collected. The integrative approach proved to be useful by allowing the unambiguous identification of all species, including those cases in which morphological characters were not conclusive for species identification, cases of cryptic species, and species with high morphological plasticity. In addition, the integrative approach highlighted six to 13 new putative species depending on the approach considered. Our study provides a relevant contribution to the knowledge of fish diversity in a poorly studied area of the Paraná River basin. We showed that the use of an integrative approach in inventory studies improves species identification and the discovery of new, cryptic, and overlooked species, being a powerful and necessary tool to quantify biodiversity.
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Data availability
All sequences obtained were deposited in GenBank (accession numbers: MN879895—MN880048).
Code availability
Not applicable.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Itaipu Binacional Dam that provided part of field logistic to conduct this survey.
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This work was supported by the Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNLA) under processes 137/2018/PRPPG, 80/2019/PRPPG; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo – FAPESP under Grants 2018/20610-1, 2016/09204-6, 2014/26508-3; and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq under Grant 306054/2006-0.
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Pereira, L.H.G., Castro, J.R.C., Vargas, P.M.H. et al. The use of an integrative approach to improve accuracy of species identification and detection of new species in studies of stream fish diversity. Genetica 149, 103–116 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-021-00118-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-021-00118-6