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Curie Point Depth and Thermal State of the Lithosphere Beneath the Northeastern Flank of the Baikal Rift Zone and Adjacent Areas

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Abstract

We consider the thermal state of the lithosphere in the poorly studied region, including the NE flank of the Baikal rift zone and its adjacent areas (110°–122° E, 50°–63° N). For this purpose, spectral analysis of the EMAG2v3 lithospheric geomagnetic field model using the centroid method is performed, average temperature–depth geotherms are calculated from surface heat flow measurements, and the depth to the bottom of the seismogenic layer is estimated from the data on hypocentral depths of regional earthquakes which occurred in 2000–2018. The distribution of the bottom depths of the lithospheric magnetic sources, regarded as the Curie point depths (CPDs) in this study, which are obtained, demonstrates a southward decrease of the CPD values. The shallowest (22.5 km) and deepest (48.5 km) depths are observed in Transbaikalia and at the Siberian Platform, respectively, while the NE flank of the Baikal rift zone is characterized by intermediate CPDs varying from 32 to 44 km. This tendency is clearly seen in the average CPD estimates which are 33, 37, and 40 km in Transbaikalia, Baikal rift, and Siberian Platform, respectively. In Transbaikalia, the average CPDs, estimated from geomagnetic and geothermal data, are close to each other in contrast to the other structures, where the obtained inconsistency could result from a small number and uneven distribution of surface heat flow measurements, their distortion by permafrost and convection, or assumptions about the radiogenic heat production near the surface. The centroid of the magnetic sources is approximately equal or slightly shallower than the seismicity cutoff depth at the NE flank of the Baikal rift. For the major part of the considered territory, the same relation between the CPD and Moho depths is observed, except for two areas at the Siberian Platform and the Vitim volcanic field, where the uppermost mantle is magnetic. Intermediate relative to the Siberian Platform and Transbaikalia, values of the CPD, obtained at the NE flank of the Baikal rift, indicate no significant heating of the lithosphere; they do not agree with a hypothesis of active rifting but provide evidence for its passive character.

Article Highlights

  • The thermal state of the lithosphere under the NE flank of the Baikal rift is studied using a variety of data and methods.

  • Southward lithospheric heating is revealed from geomagnetic and geothermal data.

  • The obtained results provide evidence for the passive character of the lithospheric extension in the Baikal rift.

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Data Availability

The used EMAG2v3 model of the lithospheric geomagnetic field is freely available at https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag/emag2.html. The used Global Heat Flow Database of the International Heat Flow Commission is freely available at https://ihfc-iugg.org/products/global-heat-flow-database/data. The catalog of regional earthquakes will be made available on request.

Code Availability

Not applicable.

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Acknowledgements

The study was supported by Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. We kindly thank Nadezhda A. Gileva (Baikal Branch of Federal Research Center Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences) for compiling the catalog of regional earthquakes used in this study. The catalog was obtained using the large-scale research facilities “Seismic infrasound array for monitoring Arctic cryolitozone and continuous seismic monitoring of the Russian Federation, neighboring territories and the world.” We are most grateful to Dr. Valentina I. Melnikova and Dr. Yan B. Radziminovich (Institute of the Earth’s Crust of the Russian Academy of Sciences) for helpful discussion of the manuscript. We also thank Prof. Michael J. Rycroft and two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments.

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  1. Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation of RAS, 4 Kaluzhskoe Highway, 108840, Moscow, Troitsk, Russia

    Alena I. Filippova & Sergey V. Filippov

  2. Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS, 128 Lermontov st., 664033, Irkutsk, Russia

    Vladimir A. Golubev

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  1. Alena I. Filippova
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  3. Sergey V. Filippov
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Contributions

AIF implemented the calculations of the CPD and seismogenic layer thickness. She wrote the draft of the manuscript. VAG performed the calculations of the average temperature–depth geotherms from surface heat flow data. SVF implemented the software for spectral analysis of the lithospheric geomagnetic field. All the authors contributed to interpretation and discussion of the results and improvement of the initial draft manuscript.

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Correspondence to Alena I. Filippova.

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Filippova, A.I., Golubev, V.A. & Filippov, S.V. Curie Point Depth and Thermal State of the Lithosphere Beneath the Northeastern Flank of the Baikal Rift Zone and Adjacent Areas. Surv Geophys 42, 1143–1170 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-021-09651-7

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