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Genetic diversity and differentiation in Patellifolia (Amaranthaceae) in the Macaronesian archipelagos and the Iberian Peninsula and implications for genetic conservation programmes

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Abstract

This is the first comprehensive investigation of the patterns of genetic diversity of Patellifolia species. The main objective of our research work is to determine Most Appropriate crop Wild relative Populations (MAWP) suited to conserve in situ wild relatives of the sugar beet. Individual plant samples of P. patellaris were collected at 26 and of P. procumbens/P. webbiana at seven sites and analysed with 24 and 22 microsatellite markers, respectively. On average 15 alleles per locus were found within the set of 581 P. patellaris and an average of 12 alleles per locus in the set of 172 P. procumbens/P. webbiana individuals. The factorial analysis showed diversity patterns which agree well with the geographic origin of the samples. The genetic data suggest that P. patellaris reproduces mainly by self-fertilisation while P. procumbens/P. webbiana have the signature of out-breeders. The measure Δ was used to calculate the genetic distance of each occurrence to the pooled remaining occurrences, the complement. Occurrences with either the lowest or the highest genetic distance to the complement are particularly suited to conserve the genetic diversity of the species. Eight occurrences of P. patellaris, two of P. procumbens and one for P. webbiana were determined according to this scheme, proposed as MAWP and recommended for the establishment of genetic reserves.

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Acknowledgements

The collecting was supported in Spain by Arnoldo Santos Guerra, Pablo Ferrer and Emilio Laguna and in Portugal by Humberto Nobrega, Gregório Freitas and João Alves. Lorenz Bülow and Elena Rey assisted in documenting and processing of the data. Silvia Castro provided valuable comments on the manuscript. The research work would not have been possible without the excellent laboratory work of Petra Hertling. We are very grateful for the support of all colleagues and the supporting technical staff. This research was co-funded by the European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources (ECPGR), Rome, Italy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Breeding Research on Agricultural Crops, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany

    Lothar Frese & Marion Nachtigall

  2. Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain

    José María Iriondo & María Luisa Rubio Teso

  3. Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal

    Maria Cristina Duarte

  4. ISOPlexis Genebank, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal

    Miguel Ângelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho

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  1. Lothar Frese
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  2. Marion Nachtigall
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  3. José María Iriondo
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  4. María Luisa Rubio Teso
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  5. Maria Cristina Duarte
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  6. Miguel Ângelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho
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Contributions

LF coordinated the work, performed the statistical analyses and drafted the paper. MN supervised the laboratory work, documented and processed the raw data. JMI, MLRT, MCD, and MÂAPC organised and conducted the collection trips. All persons contributed to the writing of the paper.

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Correspondence to Lothar Frese.

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Frese, L., Nachtigall, M., Iriondo, J.M. et al. Genetic diversity and differentiation in Patellifolia (Amaranthaceae) in the Macaronesian archipelagos and the Iberian Peninsula and implications for genetic conservation programmes. Genet Resour Crop Evol 66, 225–241 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-018-0708-4

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