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Nutrient enrichment and fisheries exploitation: interactive effects on estuarine living resources and their management

  • EUTROPHICATION IN COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS
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Abstract

Both fisheries exploitation and increased nutrient loadings strongly affect fish and shellfish abundance and production in estuaries. These stressors do not act independently; instead, they jointly influence food webs, and each affects the sensitivity of species and ecosystems to the other. Nutrient enrichment and the habitat degradation it sometimes causes can affect sustainable yields of fisheries, and fisheries exploitation can affect the ability of estuarine systems to process nutrients. The total biomass of fisheries landings in estuaries and semi-enclosed seas tends to increase with nitrogen loadings in spite of hypoxia, but hypoxia and other negative effects of nutrient over-enrichment cause declines in individual species and in parts of systems most severely affected. More thoroughly integrated management of nutrients and fisheries will permit more effective management responses to systems affected by both stressors, including the application of fisheries regulations to rebuild stocks negatively affected by eutrophication. Reducing fishing mortality may lead to the recovery of depressed populations even when eutrophication contributes to population declines if actions are taken while the population retains sufficient reproductive potential. New advances in modeling, statistics, and technology promise to provide the information needed to improve the understanding and management of systems subject to both nutrient enrichment and fisheries exploitation.

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Acknowledgments

This manuscript is the result of a workshop held in 2005 at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center and a keynote address by D. Breitburg at the Eutro2006 Symposium in Denmark. We thank NOAA-Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research and the Smithsonian Marine Science Network for workshop funding, and the organizers of Eutro2006 for the wide-range sharing of ideas they fostered. We would especially like to thank L. Pihl, S. Hannsen, and S. Baden for sharing their insight on the Baltic, Kattegat, and Skagerrak systems, D. Boesch for providing raw data for Fig. 1a, and L. Davias and D. Hondorp for help in identifying and analyzing data on nutrient loadings, the spatial extent of hypoxia, and fisheries landings. We also thank many persons listed in the supplementary material—Appendix—who provided data or access to data summarized in Fig. 1b and c.

Author information

Author notes

  1. D. C. Brady

    Present address: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, 301 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE, 19716, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, P.O. Box 28, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA

    D. L. Breitburg, R. S. Fulford, A. H. Hines & S. E. Kolesar

  2. North Carolina State University, 303 College Circle, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA

    J. K. Craig

  3. Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory, 3618 Highway 98, St. Teresa, FL, 32358-2702, USA

    J. K. Craig

  4. Department of Coastal Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, 703 East Beach Road, Ocean Springs, MS, 39566, USA

    R. S. Fulford

  5. Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA

    K. A. Rose

  6. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, P.O. Box 38, Solomons, MD, 20688, USA

    W. R. Boynton, E. D. Houde & D. H. Secor

  7. College of Marine and Earth Studies, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, 19958, USA

    D. C. Brady, B. J. Ciotti & T. E. Targett

  8. College of William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA

    R. J. Diaz

  9. National Marine Fisheries Service, 28 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA

    K. D. Friedland

  10. US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL, 32561, USA

    J. D. Hagy III

  11. Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 166 Water St., Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA

    D. R. Hart

  12. St. Mary’s College of Maryland, 18952 E. Fisher Road, St. Mary’s City, MD, 20686, USA

    S. E. Kolesar

  13. Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, South Ferry Rd., Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA

    S. W. Nixon

  14. Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Box 7617, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA

    J. A. Rice

Authors
  1. D. L. Breitburg
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  2. J. K. Craig
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  3. R. S. Fulford
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  4. K. A. Rose
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  5. W. R. Boynton
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  6. D. C. Brady
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  7. B. J. Ciotti
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  8. R. J. Diaz
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  9. K. D. Friedland
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  10. J. D. Hagy III
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  11. D. R. Hart
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  12. A. H. Hines
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  13. E. D. Houde
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  14. S. E. Kolesar
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  15. S. W. Nixon
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  16. J. A. Rice
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  17. D. H. Secor
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  18. T. E. Targett
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. L. Breitburg.

Additional information

Guest editors: J. H. Andersen & D. J. Conley

Eutrophication in Coastal Ecosystems: Selected papers from the Second International Symposium on Research and Management of Eutrophication in Coastal Ecosystems, 20–23 June 2006, Nyborg, Denmark

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Breitburg, D.L., Craig, J.K., Fulford, R.S. et al. Nutrient enrichment and fisheries exploitation: interactive effects on estuarine living resources and their management. Hydrobiologia 629, 31–47 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9762-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9762-4

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