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Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the squid family Mastigoteuthidae (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) based on three mitochondrial genes

  • CEPHALOPOD BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
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Abstract

Mastigoteuthid squids are ecologically important, being prey to many apex predators, yet the diversity and systematics of the family remain poorly understood. Delicate by nature, they are often damaged during capture; there is a need to accurately identify incomplete mastigoteuthid specimens from collections and stomach contents. This study aimed to test a morphological hypothesis for the division of the genera Mastigoteuthis (Mt.), Idioteuthis, Mastigopsis (Mp.), Echinoteuthis, and Magnoteuthis (Mg.) and to assess the utility of DNA barcodes to discriminate species. Three mitochondrial genes (16S rRNA, 12S rRNA, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) were analysed for eight different species, representing the largest phylogenetic assessment of the family to date. Evidence was found for a potentially new species in New Zealand that has been previously misidentified as the morphologically similar species Mg. magna. Each species analysed herein exhibited unique mitochondrial DNA haplotypes for all loci, and the morphological distinction between the five proposed genera was strongly supported using a combined Bayesian and maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Of the three loci examined, the DNA barcode region shows the greatest divergence between species and should be used in future systematic work on the Mastigoteuthidae.

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Abbreviations

A.:

Asperoteuthis

C.:

Chiroteuthis

COI:

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I

BIN:

Barcode Index Number

E.:

Echinoteuthis

GL:

Gladius length

GTR:

General time-reversible

I.:

Idioteuthis

J.:

Joubiniteuthis

Mg. :

Magnoteuthis

Mp. :

Mastigopsis

ML:

Mantle length

Mt.:

Mastigoteuthis

TN:

Tamura–Nei

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Acknowledgments

Many thanks to Mike Vecchione for tissue samples, and Tyjuana Nickens for assistance at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. We would like to thank the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, particularly Bruce Marshall, and the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Ltd. (NIWA), particularly Sadie Mills, Kareen Schnabel, Dean Stotter, and Darren Stevens, for access to specimens. Thanks to Colleen Higgins, Jesse Kelly, and Aaron Boyd Evans from Auckland University of Technology (AUT); Robert Hanner, Dirk Steinke, Jeff Gross, Natasha Serrao, and Jinzhong Fu from the University of Guelph; and Dick Young, Mike Vecchione, and Annie Lindgren for their contributions of other sequences to GenBank. Special thanks to Steve O’Shea for advice and to AUT and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for funding assistance with this research, and for support of the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding at the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, and the BOLD team for efficient informatics support. Finally, we would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.

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  1. Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, 1142, Auckland, New Zealand

    Heather E. Braid, Paul D. McBride & Kathrin S. R. Bolstad

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  1. Heather E. Braid
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Correspondence to Heather E. Braid.

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Guest editors: Erica A. G. Vidal, Mike Vecchione & Sigurd von Boletzky / Cephalopod Life History, Ecology and Evolution

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Braid, H.E., McBride, P.D. & Bolstad, K.S.R. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the squid family Mastigoteuthidae (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) based on three mitochondrial genes. Hydrobiologia 725, 145–164 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-013-1775-3

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