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Voltammetric sensing of glyphosate in different samples using carbon paste electrode modified with biochar and copper(II) hexadecafluoro-29H,31 phtalocyanine complex

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Abstract

This paper reports the development of carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with biochar (BC) and copper(II) 1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18,22,23,24,25-hexadecafluoro-29H,31 phtalocyanine (CuHPc) used for the sensitive and selective detection of glyphosate in different matrices. The characterizations of the materials were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The analytical efficiency of the modified electrodes (CuHPc/CPE and BC-CuHPc/CPE) used for glyphosate detection was evaluated by square-wave voltammetry (SWV). The application of BC-CuHPc/CPE resulted in an improvement in the electron transfer process on the electrode surface, and this led to an outstanding increase of 100% in its current signal compared to CuHPc/CPE. Under optimized conditions, the BC-CuHPc/CPE sensor presented a linear concentration range of 0.3–4 µmol L−1 and a limit of detection of 0.02 µmol L−1. Interference analysis was conducted using different compounds that can be found in the environment including 2,4-D, atrazine, diuron, urea, and caffeine; the results obtained showed that the compounds did not exert any interference in the current peak of the glyphosate. The proposed method was applied for the determination of glyphosate in river water and food samples, where recovery rates of nearly 100% were obtained. The results demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed modified electrode.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial assistance granted by CAPES (PROJ. AUX/PE/PROEX Nº 0674/2018) and National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactivies, INCT-DATREN (FAPESP #2014/50945-4 and #2019/00677-7; CNPq #465571/2014-0 and #CNPQ 408050/2018-7) is acknowledged for the main technological support given to this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, 14801-970, Brazil

    Ademar Wong, Douglas Gonçalves de Lima, Sabir Khan & Maria Del Pilar Taboada Sotomayor

  2. National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREN), Araraquara, SP, 14801-970, Brazil

    Ademar Wong & Maria Del Pilar Taboada Sotomayor

  3. Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil

    Priscila Alves Ferreira

  4. Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Monte Carmelo, MG, 38500-000, Brazil

    Rodrigo Amorim Bezerra da Silva

  5. Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil

    Jorge Luis Brito de Faria

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  1. Ademar Wong
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  2. Douglas Gonçalves de Lima
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Correspondence to Ademar Wong.

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Wong, A., de Lima, D.G., Ferreira, P.A. et al. Voltammetric sensing of glyphosate in different samples using carbon paste electrode modified with biochar and copper(II) hexadecafluoro-29H,31 phtalocyanine complex. J Appl Electrochem 51, 761–768 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-021-01539-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-021-01539-z

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