The calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF–LIBS) method is used to obtain the concentration of the constituents of samples because it overcomes the limitation of matrix-matched standards in the calibration curve method of quantification. However, there are often doubts that remain about the efficiency of the CF–LIBS method. Hence, in the present work, different certified reference materials (CRMs) of plants and soil were employed to check the capabilities of the CF–LIBS method. If the emission lines of an element are missing in the LIBS spectra, its contribution in the CF–LIBS result will be missing as well, which leads to incorrect quantification. Therefore, in order to overcome this problem in CF–LIBS, instead of only determining the elemental concentrations, an additional step to calculate the concentration ratio of all elements with respect to the concentration of a major element was added. The calculated concentration ratios for different elements are more accurate than the elemental concentration obtained by CF–LIBS. Along with the CF–LIBS method, the partial least square regression (PLSR) approach was also applied for the prediction of the concentration.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Kumar Pathak, R. Kumar, V. Kumar Singh, R. Agrawal, Sh. Rai, and A. Kumar Rai, Appl. Spectrosc. Rev., 47, No. 1, 14–40 (2012).
V. Kumar Singh and A. Kumar Rai, Laser. Med. Sci., 26, No. 5, 673–687 (2011).
D. A. Rusak, B. C. Castle, B. W. Smith, and J. D. Winefordner, Trends Anal. Chem., 17, No. 8-9, 453–461 (1998).
D. A. Cremers and R. C. Chinni, Appl. Spectrosc. Rev., 44, No. 6, 457–506 (2009).
F.-Y. Yueh, R. C. Sharma, J. P. Singh, and H. Zhang, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 52, 1307–1315 (2002).
D. W. Hahn and N. Omenetto, Appl. Spectrosc., 66, No. 4, 347–419 (2012).
J. Karhunen, A. Hakola, J. Likonen, A. Lissovski, P. Paris, M. Laan, K. Piip, C. Orosnicu, C. P. Lungu, and K. Sugiyama, Phys. Scr., 159, 014067 (2014).
C. Latkoczy and T. Ghislain, J. At. Anal. Spectrom., 21, 1152–1160 (2006).
B. G. Oztoprak, J. Gonzalez, J. Yoo, T. Gulecen, N. Mutlu, R. E. Russo, O. Gundogdu, and A. Demire, Appl. Spectrosc., 66, No. 11, 1353–1361 (2012).
N. S. Rajurkar and M. M. Damame, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 219, 77–80 (1997).
C. G. Ryan, Int. J. Imag. Syst. Technol., 11, 219–230 (2000).
J. Wang, T. Nakazato, K. Sakanishi, O. Yamada, H. Tao, and I. Saito, Anal. Chim. Acta, 514, 115–124 (2004).
N. Civici, Sh. Gjongecaj, F. Stamati, T. Dilo, E. Pavlidou, E. K. Polychroniadis, and Z. Smit, Nucl. Instrum. Methods. Phys. Res. B, 258, 414–420 (2007).
A. Ciucci, M. Corsi, V. Palleschi, V. Rastelli, A. Salvetti, and E. Tognoni, Appl. Spectrosc., 53, No. 8, 960–964 (1999).
M. Corsi, G. Cristoforetti, M. Hidalgo, S. Legnaioli, V. Palleschi, A. Salvetti, E. Tognoni, and C. Vallebona, Appl. Opt., 42, No. 30, 6133–6137 (2003).
R. Gaudiuso, M. Dell'Aglio, O. de Pascale, and G. S. Senesi, Sensors, 10, 7434–7468 (2010).
J. A. Aguilera, C. Aragón, G. Cristoforetti, and E. Tognoni, Spectrochim. Acta B, 64, 685–689 (2009).
R. Kumar and A. K. Rai, Environ. Monit. Assess., 185, 171–180 (2013).
Sh. Awasthi, R. Kumar, A. Devanathan, R. Acharya, and A. K. Rai, Anal. Chem. Res., 12, 10–16 (2017).
R. Aruga, D. Gastaldi, G. Negro, and G. Ostacoli, Anal. Chim. Acta, 310, 15–25 (1995).
J. L. Gottfried, R. S. Harmon Jr., F. C. De Lucia, and A. W. Miziolek, Spectrochim. Acta B, 64, 1009–1019 (2009).
M. Farrokhniaa and S. Karimib, Anal. Chim. Acta, 902, 70–81 (2016).
A. Sarkar, V. Karki, S. K. Aggarwal, G. S. Maurya, R. Kumar, A. K. Rai, X. Mao, and R. E. Russo, Spectrochim. Acta B, 108, 8–14 (2015).
J. P. Singh and S. N. Thakur, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Elsevier, Amsterdam (2007).
A. H. Galmed and M. A. Harith, Appl. Phys. B, 91, 651–660 (2008).
G. S. Maurya, A. Jyotsana, R. Kumar, A. Kumar, and A. K. Rai, Phys. Scr., 89, 075601 (2014).
G. S. Maurya, P. K. Tiwari, R. Kumar, R. K. Singh, and A. K. Rai, In: Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Eds. J. P. Singh and S. N. Thakur, Elsevier (2020), pp. 385–399.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Published in Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 88, No. 3, pp. 462–470, May–June, 2021.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, R., Maurya, G.S., Devanathan, A. et al. Evaluation of the Calibration-Free and Multivariate Method for Quantitative Analysis in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. J Appl Spectrosc 88, 580–588 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10812-021-01212-5
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10812-021-01212-5