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The impacts of non-native species on the invertebrates of Southern Ocean Islands

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Abstract

Isolation and climate have protected Southern Ocean Islands from non-native species. Relatively recent introductions have had wide-ranging, sometimes devastating, impacts across a range of species and ecosystems, including invertebrates, which are the main terrestrial fauna. In our comprehensive review, we found that despite the high abundance of non-native plants across the region, their impacts on native invertebrates are not well-studied and remain largely unknown. We highlight that non-native invertebrates are numerous and continue to arrive. Their impacts are multi-directional, including changing nutrient cycling regimes, establishing new functional guilds, out-competing native species, and mutually assisting spread of other non-native species. Non-native herbivorous and omnivorous vertebrates have caused declines in invertebrate habitat, but data that quantifies implications for invertebrates are rare. Predatory mammals not only indirectly effect invertebrates through predation of ecosystem engineers such as seabirds, but also directly shape community assemblages through invertebrate diet preferences and size-selective feeding. We found that research bias is not only skewed towards investigating impacts of mice, but is also focused more intensely on some islands, such as Marion Island, and towards some taxa, such as beetles and moths. The results of our review support and build on previous assessments of non-native species in the Antarctic region—that the responses of invertebrate fauna on these islands are under-reported and often poorly understood. Given the importance of invertebrates as indicators of environmental change, and their potential utility in quantifying change associated with island restoration projects (such as eradications), these knowledge gaps need to be urgently addressed.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Paulo A. V. Borges and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable comments on the manuscript. We thank the Australian Academy of Science for their support to MH through the Max Day Environmental Fellowship. This research is also supported by funding from the Australian Government’s National Environmental Science Programme through the Threatened Species Recovery Hub and the Australian Antarctic Science program (AAS 4305).

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  1. Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia

    Melissa Houghton & Justine Shaw

  2. Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, TAS, 7050, Australia

    Aleks Terauds

  3. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia

    David Merritt

  4. Discipline of Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia

    Michael Driessen

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Houghton, M., Terauds, A., Merritt, D. et al. The impacts of non-native species on the invertebrates of Southern Ocean Islands. J Insect Conserv 23, 435–452 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-019-00147-9

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