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A comprehensive evaluation of heavy metals removal from battery industry wastewaters by applying bio-residue, mineral and commercial adsorbent materials

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Abstract

We present a feasibility study of different adsorbent materials, namely residual fish scales biosorbent (FS), mineral dolomite (DL) and commercial resin (CR) in the heavy metals removal in multicomponent solution based on the properties of a real effluent from automotive battery recycling industry. Considering the effluent complex characteristics, the materials were assessed aiming to provide not only the heavy metals removal, but also the effluent neutralization and lower sludge generation. For this, all the studied materials were physicochemically and morphologically characterized with the aim of understanding the mechanisms involved in the process. Further, the elemental compositions of the solid and liquid phases generated from each treatment process were assessed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The effluent presented highly acidic characteristics and heavy metals above the legislated limits for discharge (Fe, Zn and Pb). Each adsorbent material followed different mechanisms which led to dissimilar removal and neutralization capacities. The CR showed remarkable heavy metals removal capacity governed by an ion exchange mechanism; conversely, it did not show a neutralization effect. In contrast, FS and DL presented lower removal capacities by complex simultaneous phenomena (ion exchange, precipitation and/or complexation), but a great neutralization potential related to leaching of alkaline constituents. When sludge generation is considered as a key factor, mitigation and enhancement of treated effluent quality could alternatively be addressed by employing the materials in hybrid processes. Hence, the associated use of such materials could be viable yet very challenging for both neutralization and removal of heavy metals from the battery effluent.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are very grateful to National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the financial support of this study (Grant Number 480107/2013-0).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Post graduate Program, West Parana State University, UNIOESTE, Campus of Toledo, Rua da Faculdade 645, Jd. La Salle, Toledo, PR, 85903-000, Brazil

    Caroline Ribeiro, Fernando Rodolfo Espinoza-Quiñones, Aparecido Nivaldo Módenes & Carlos Eduardo Borba

  2. Department of Engineering and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Sector of Palotina, Pioneiro St. 2153, Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil

    Fabiano Bisinella Scheufele

  3. School of Chemical Engineering, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Cidade Universitária ZeferinoVaz, P.O. Box 6066, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil

    Melissa Gurgel Adeodato Vieira

  4. Department of Applied Microbiology, Division “Microbial Synthesis and Ecology” The “Stephan Angeloff” Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bl. 26, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Alexander Dimitrov Kroumov

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  1. Caroline Ribeiro
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  2. Fabiano Bisinella Scheufele
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Correspondence to Caroline Ribeiro.

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Ribeiro, C., Scheufele, F.B., Espinoza-Quiñones, F.R. et al. A comprehensive evaluation of heavy metals removal from battery industry wastewaters by applying bio-residue, mineral and commercial adsorbent materials. J Mater Sci 53, 7976–7995 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2150-6

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