Abstract
We report the synthesis of tin dioxide/graphene oxide (SnO2/GO) nanocomposite through simple hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirm the rutile tetragonal structure of the nanocomposite with average particle size of 13.37 ± 3.57 nm. The presence of only Sn, O and C in the EDX spectrum confirms the purity of our sample and a large defect density in the composite is found. The 3.7 eV band gap energy, determined by ultra-violet (UV) and photoluminescence (PL), of the nanocomposite is compatible with that of SnO2. Electrochemical measurements have shown that the material has a nice reversible redox process, suggesting its good capacitive behavior as well as a very low internal and charge transfer resistances of 1.43 Ω and 2.12 Ω, respectively. An increase in dielectric constant is observed, which is attributed to small grain size and high defect density. Conduction takes place through hopping process and the rapid increase in conductivity at high frequencies is due to increase in charge density (detached charges from traps + conduction electrons).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C. Zhao, X. Wang, J. Kong, J.M. Ang, P.S. Lee, X. Lu, C. Zhao, Liu, Self-Assembly-Induced Alternately Stacked Single-Layer MoS2 and N-doped Graphene: a novel van der Waals heterostructure for lithium-ion batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 8, 2372 (2016)
M. Wang, H. Zhang, C. Wang, X. Hu, G. Wang, Direct electro synthesis of poly-o-phenylenediamine bulk materials for supercapacitor application. Electrochem. Acta. 91, 144 (2013)
J. Zhang, J. Zhao, L. Yue, Q. Wang, J. Chai, Z. Liu, X. Zhou, H. Li, Y. Guo, G. Cui, L. Chen, High performance solid polymer electrolytes for rechargeable batteries a self-catalyzed strategy toward facile synthesis. Adv. Energy Mater. 5, 150–1082 (2015)
Y. Zhang, Q. Ji, G.F. Han, J. Ju, J. Shi, D. Ma, J. Sun, Y. Zhang, M. Li, X.Y. Lang, Y. Zhang, Z. Liu, Dendritic, transferable, strictly monolayer MoS2 flakes synthesized on SrTiO3 single crystals for efficient electro catalytic applications. ACS Nano 8, 8617 (2014)
C.M. Torres Jr., Y.W. Lan, C. Zeng, J.H. Chen, X. Kou, A. Navabi, J. Tang, M. Montazeri, J.R. Adleman, M.B. Lerner, Y.L. Zhong, L.J. Li, C.D. Chen, K.L. Wang, High-current gain two-dimensional MOS2-base hot-electron transistors. Nano Lett. 15, 7905 (2015)
Y. Tan, R. He, C. Cheng, D. Wang, Y. Chen, F. Chen, Manageable N-doped graphene for high performance oxygen reduction reaction. Sci. Rep. 4, 7523 (2014)
X. Xiong, W. Luo, X. Hu, C. Chen, L. Qie, D. Hou, Y. Huang, Flexible membranes of MOS2/C nano fibers by electro spinning as binder-free anodes for high-performance sodium-ion batteries. Sci. Rep. 5, 9254 (2015)
L.X. Alvarez, A.B. Sorokin, J. Organomet, Mild oxidation of ethane to acetic acid by H2O2 catalyzed by supported mu-nitride diiron phthalocyanines. Chem. 793, 139 (2015)
V.S. Arutyunov, L.N. Strekova, A.V. Nikitin, Partial oxidation of light alkanes as a base of new generation of gas chemical processes. Eurasian Chem. Technol. J. 15, 265 (2013)
Z. Cong, O. Shoji, C. Kasai, N. Kawakami, H. Sugimoto, Y. Shiro, Y. Watanabe, Activation of wild-type cytochrome P450BM3 by the Next generation of decoy molecules: enhanced hydroxylation of gaseous alkanes and crystallographic evidence. ACS Catal. 5, 150 (2015)
Z. Wang, L. Ma, W. Chen, G. Huang, D. Chen, L. Wang, J.Y. Lee, Facile synthesis of MoS2/graphene composites: effects of different cationic surfactants on microstructures and electrochemical properties of reversible lithium storage. RSC Adv. 3, 21675 (2013)
Z. Guo, D. Zhou, X. Dong, Z. Qiu, Y. Wang, Y. Xia, Ordered hierarchical mesoporous/macro porous carbon: a high-performance catalyst for rechargeable Li–O2 batteries. Adv. Mater. 25, 5668 (2013)
M. Zhang, Z. Huang, X. Wang, H. Zhang, T. Li, Z. Wu, Y. Luo, W. Cao, Magnetic MoS2 pizzas and sandwiches with Mnn (n = 1–4) cluster toppings and fillings: a first-principles investigation. Sci. Rep. 6, 19504 (2016)
J. Luxa, O. Jankovsky, D. Sedmidubsky, R. Medlin, M. Marysko, M. Pumera, Z. Sofer, Origin of exotic ferromagnetic behavior in exfoliated layered transition metal dichalcogenide MoS2 and WS2. Nanoscale 8, 1960 (2016)
D. Cao, H.B. Shu, T.Q. Wu, Z.T. Jiang, Z.W. Jiao, M.Q. Cai, W.Y. Hu, First-principles study of the origin of magnetism induced by intrinsic defects in monolayer MoS2. Appl. Surf. Sci. 361, 199–205 (2016)
D. Voiry et al., Conducting MoS2 nanosheets as catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. Nano Lett. 13, 6222–6227 (2013)
Rao, C. N., Gopalakrishnan, K. & Maitra, Comparative study of potential applications of graphene, MoS2, and other two dimensional materials in energy devices, sensors, and related areas. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 7809–7832 (2015)
G. Wang, L. Zhang, J. Zhang, A review of electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors. Chem. Soc. Rev. 41, 797–828 (2012)
X. Wang et al., High supercapacitor and adsorption behaviors of flower-like MoS2 nanostructures. J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 15958–15963 (2014)
D. Davies, A. Lipman, A.L. Silver, A.C.C. Tseung, On the effect of anode material in electrophoresis on the emission color of a zinc sulfide phosphor. Eletrochem. Solid State Lett. 4, 1–12 (2001)
Zainab Iqbal Zulfiqar, Yuliang Yuan, Lu Jianguo, Structural, optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of Zn-doped SnO2 nanoparticles. Int. J. Modern Phys. B 31, 1750234 (2017)
J. Wang et al., Synthesis and characterization of nanosize cobalt sulfide for rechargeable lithium batteries. J. Power Sources 159, 287–290 (2006)
Q. Wang et al., Facile synthesis and superior supercapacitor performances of three-dimensional cobalt sulfide hierarchitectures. Cryst. Eng. Commun. 13, 59–60 (2011)
Yuliang Yuan Zulfiqar, Qingjun Jiang, Jie Yang, Weicheng Wang LishaFeng, Zhizhen Ye, Lu Jianguo, Variation in luminescence and bandgap of Zn-doped SnO2 nanoparticles with thermal decomposition. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 27, 9541–9549 (2016)
N. Kumar, N. Raman, A. Sundaresan, Synthesis and properties of cobalt sulfide phases: CoS2 and Co9S8. Zeitschrift für Anorg. Und Allg Chem. 640, 1069–1074 (2014)
Y. Sun et al., Electrodeposited cobalt-sulfide catalyst for electrochemical and photo electrochemical hydrogen generation from water. Nanoscale 10, 3–6 (2013)
Yuliang Yuan Zulfiqar, Jie Yang, Weicheng Wang, Zhizhen Ye, Lu Jianguo, Structural and optical properties of (Zn, Co) co-doped SnO2 nanoparticles. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 27, 12119–12127 (2016)
Hongdong Liu, Jiamu Huang, Xinlu Li, Jia Liu, Yuxin Zhang, Du Kun, Flower-like SnO2/graphene composite for high-capacity lithium storage. Appl. Surf. Sci. 258, 4917–4921 (2012)
B. Qu et al., β-cobalt sulfide nanoparticles decorated graphene composite electrodes for high capacity and power supercapacitors. Nanoscale 4, 7806–7810 (2012)
H. Wan et al., Hydrothermal synthesis of cobalt sulfide nanotubes: the size control and its application in supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 243, 396–402 (2013)
W. Dong et al., Hydrothermal synthesis and structure evolution of hierarchical cobalt sulfide nanostructures. Dalton Trans. 40, 243–248 (2011)
W. Gapel, K.D. Schierbaum, Schierbaum SnO2 sensors: current status and future prospects. Sens. Actuators B 26–27, 1–12 (1995)
Yuliang Yuan Zulfiqar, Jie Yang, Weicheng Wang, Zhizhen Ye, Lu Jianguo, Structural, dielectric and ferromagnetic behavior of (Zn, Co) co-doped SnO2 nanoparticles. Ceram. Int. 42, 17128–17136 (2016)
H. Wang, J.T. Robinson, X. Li, H. Dai, Solvothermal reduction of chemically 793 exfoliated graphene sheets. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 9910–9911 (2009)
G. Huang, T. Chen, Z. Wang, K. Chang, W. Chen, Synthesis and electrochemical performances of cobalt sulfides/graphene nanocomposites as anode material of Li-ion battery. J. Power Sources 235, 122–128 (2013)
Q. Guo, X. Qin, High capacity of SnO2 nanoparticles decorated graphene as an anode for lithium-ion batteries. ECS Solid State Lett. 2, 41–43 (2013)
J. Wang, Y. Xu, X. Chen, X. Du, Electrochemical supercapacitor electrode material based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polypyrrole composite. J. Power Sources 163, 1120–1125 (2007)
Y. Song, T.W. Noh, S.-I. Lee, J.R. Gaines, Experimental study of the three-dimensional ac conductivity and dielectric constant of a conductor-insulator composite near the percolation threshold. Phys. Rev. B 33, 904–908 (1986)
C. Pecharromán, J.S. Moya, Experimental evidence of a giant capacitance in insulator-conductor composites at the percolation threshold. Adv. Mater. 12, 294–297 (2000)
Rajwali Khan Zulfiqar, Yuliang Yuan et al., Variation of structural, optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of SnO2 nanoparticles. J Mater Sci. 28, 4625–4636 (2016)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Khan, S., Zulfiqar, Khan, T. et al. Investigation of structural, optical, electrochemical and dielectric properties of SnO2/GO nanocomposite. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 30, 10202–10210 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-01356-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-01356-3