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Eggshell derived brushite bone cement with minimal inflammatory response and higher osteoconductive potential

  • Biocompatibility Studies
  • Original Research
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Abstract

Brushite cements are known for excellent osteoconductive and degradation properties, however, its widespread use is limited due to rapid setting time and poor mechanical properties. The eggshell derived calcium phosphates exhibits improved physical and biological properties due to the presence of biologically relevant ions. In this study, eggshell derived brushite cement (EB) was fabricated using β-tricalcium phosphate synthesized from eggshells. The presence of trace elements in EB prolonged its setting time. The size of brushite crystals in EB was found to be smaller than the pure brushite cement (PB) leading to increased initial compressive strength and higher in vitro degradation rate. The L6 and MG63 cell lines exhibited good biocompatibility with the cement at the end 72 h. In vivo studies of the cements were performed in rat calvarial defect model. Micro CT analysis showed faster degradation and accelerated bone formation in EB filled defect. Histological studies revealed infiltration of inflammatory cells into the implant site for both the cements till 6th week. However, inflammation was found to be significantly reduced at the 12th week in EB compared to PB leading to complete bone bridge formation. Multi-ion substituted EB seems to be a potential bone substitute material with a reasonable setting time for ease of handling, higher mechanical strength, minimal inflammatory response and higher bone regeneration.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank SAIF, IIT Madras for the ICP-AES measurements. We also thank Professor Krishnan Balasubramaniam, Center for Non-Destructive Evaluation, IIT Madras for extending the micro-CT facility for our study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Materials Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India

    R. Jayasree & T. S. Sampath Kumar

  2. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, 600042, India

    R. Venkateswari

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India

    Rakesh P. Nankar & Mukesh Doble

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  1. R. Jayasree
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  2. T. S. Sampath Kumar
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Correspondence to T. S. Sampath Kumar.

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Jayasree, R., Kumar, T.S.S., Venkateswari, R. et al. Eggshell derived brushite bone cement with minimal inflammatory response and higher osteoconductive potential. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 30, 113 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-019-6315-x

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