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Sex-Specific Trail Pheromone Mediates Complex Mate Finding Behavior in Anoplophora glabripennis

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Abstract

Anoplophora glabripennis (Motsch.) is a polyphagous member of the Cerambycidae, and is considered, worldwide, to be one of the most serious quarantine pests of deciduous trees. We isolated four chemicals from the trail of A. glabripennis virgin and mated females that were not present in trails of mature males. These compounds were identified as 2-methyldocosane and (Z)-9-tricosene (major components), as well as (Z)-9-pentacosene and (Z)-7-pentacosene (minor components); every trail wash sample contained all four chemical components, although the amounts and ratios changed with age of the female. Males responded to the full pheromone blend, regardless of mating status, but virgin females chose the control over the pheromone, suggesting that they may use it as a spacing pheromone to avoid intraspecific competition and maximize resources. Virgin, but not mated, males also chose the major pheromone components in the absence of the minor components, over the control. Taken together, these results indicate that all four chemicals are components of the trail pheromone. The timing of production of the ratios of the pheromone blend components that produced positive responses from males coincided with the timing of sexual maturation of the female.

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Acknowledgments

We thank J. Nie of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Invasive Insect Behavior and Biocontrol Laboratory for assistance with chemical analysis and syntheses, and G. Bradford and V. Sánchez of the USDA Forest Service for assistance in rearing beetles. Funding was provided by grants to KH from the USDA Northeastern Area, State and Private Forestry (10-CA-11420004-316), the Alphawood Foundation, and the Horticultural Research Institute.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology and Center for Chemical Ecology, Penn State University, 501 ASI Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Kelli Hoover, Maya Nehme & Peter Meng

  2. USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 51 Mill Pond Rd., Hamden, CT, 06514, USA

    Melody Keena

  3. College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, People’s Republic of China

    Shifa Wang

  4. USDA, ARS Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA

    Aijun Zhang

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  1. Kelli Hoover
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  2. Melody Keena
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  3. Maya Nehme
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Correspondence to Aijun Zhang.

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The mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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Hoover, K., Keena, M., Nehme, M. et al. Sex-Specific Trail Pheromone Mediates Complex Mate Finding Behavior in Anoplophora glabripennis . J Chem Ecol 40, 169–180 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-014-0385-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-014-0385-5

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