Abstract
Recently arrived immigrant adolescents experience difficulties in adjusting to school in South Korea. However, the existing social services do not meet their psychosocial needs. This study investigates the perspectives of social service providers about challenges in providing services for immigrant adolescents early in their adjustments. We conducted qualitative, in-depth interviews with 27 South Korean social service providers. We identified barriers to social services, categorized into three themes: (1) Initial Contact Phase; (2) Service Delivery Phase; and (3) Structural Challenges. We suggest interventions concerning work-related stress for the social service providers, family-level involvement, diversity training, and integrated and collaborative immigration services. An examination of social service providers’ challenges in working with immigrant adolescents is a necessary first step toward the development of programs and policies.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lee HK. Gender, migration and civil activism in South Korea. Asian Pac Migr J. 2003;12(1/2):127–53. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/011719680301200106.
Lee HK. The employment of foreign workers: issues and policy suggestions. Int Sociol. 1997;12(3):353–71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/026858097012003005.
Park YB. The turning point in international migration and economic development in Korea. Asian Pac Migr J. 1994;3:149–74. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300108.
Ministry of Public Administration and Security. The present status of foreign citizen of local governments; 2014. https://doi.org/www.mospa.go.kr.
Steiner H, editor. Treating adolescents. San Francisco: Wiley; 1996.
Fuligni A. A comparative longitudinal approach to acculturation among children from immigrant families. Harv Educ Rev. 2001;71(3):566–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.71.3.j7046h63234441u3.
Titzmann M, Silbereisen RK. Acculturation or development? Autonomy expectations among ethnic German immigrant adolescents and their native German age-mates. Child Dev. 2012;83(5):1640–54. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01799.x.
Berry JW, Phinney JS, Sam DL, Vedder P. Immigrant youth: acculturation, identity, and adaptation. Appl Psychol. 2006;55(3):303–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00256.x.
Liebkind K, Jasinskaja-Lahti I, Solheim E. Cultural identity, perceived discrimination, and parental support as determinants of immigrants’ school adjustments: vietnamese youth in Finland. J Adolesc Res. 2004;19(6):635–56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558404269279.
Oh KW. Multicultural family adolescents: their acceptance of Korean culture and adaption to Korean school life. J Korean Home Econ Assoc. 2011;49(9):83–97. doi:https://doi.org/10.6115/khea.2011.49.9.083.
Wentzel KR. School adjustment. In: Reynolds WM, Miller GE, Weiner IB, editors. Handbook of psychology, vol. 7: educational psychology. New York: Wiley; 2003. p. 235–58.
Kiang L, Supple AJ, Stein GL, Gonzalez LM. Gendered academic adjustment among Asian American adolescents in an emerging immigrant community. J Youth Adolesc. 2012;41(3):283–94. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-011-9697-8.
Noam G, Oppedal B, Idsoe T, Panjwani N. Mental health problems and school outcomes among immigrant and non-immigrant early adolescents in Norway. Sch Ment Health J. 2014;6(4):279–93. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-014-9129-5.
Sirin SR, Gupta T, Ryce P, Katsiaficas D, Suárez-Orozco C, Rogers-Sirin L. Understanding the role of social support in trajectories of mental health symptoms for immigrant adolescents. J Appl Dev Psychol. 2013;34(5):199–207. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2013.04.004.
Smokowski PR, Bacallao ML. Acculturation, internalizing mental health symptoms, and self-esteem: cultural experiences of Latino adolescents in North Carolina. Child Psychiat Hum D. 2007;37(3):273–92. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-006-0035-4.
Yeh CJ. Age, acculturation, cultural adjustment, and mental health symptoms of Chinese, Korean, and Japanese immigrant youths. Cult Divers Ethn Minor Psychol. 2003;9(1):34–48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.9.1.34.
Kim AY, Kim SI. Comparisons of psychological factors related to school adjustment between children from international marriage families and from general families. Korean J Educ Psychol. 2001;25(4):853–73.
Lee BC, Song DY. A qualitative study on the school adaptation of multicultural family youth from accompanied entry. Korean J Soc Welf. 2011;63(4):131–54.
Shin JH, Doh HS, Hong JS, Kim JS. Pathways from non-Korean mothers’ cultural adaptation, marital conflict, and parenting behavior to bi-ethnic children’s school adjustment in South Korea. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2012;34(5):914–23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.01.018.
Kim NK. Multicultural challenges in Korea: the current stage and a prospect. Int Migr. 2014;52(2):100–21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2009.00582.x.
Hong JS, Han IY. Call for incorporating cultural competency in South Korean social work education. In: Noble C, Henrickson M, Han IY, editors. Social work education: voices from the Asia Pacific. Sydney: Sydney University Press; 2013. p. 3–27.
Giorgi A. Phenomenology and psychological research, Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania: Duquesne University Press; 1985.
Van Manen M. Researching lived experience: human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press; 1990.
Lofland J, Lofland LH. Analyzing social settings: a guide to qualitative observation and analysis. 3rd ed. Belmont: Wadsworth; 1995.
Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77–101. doi:https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
Braum V, Clarke V. Thematic analysis. In: Cooper H, editor. APA handbook of research methods in psychology. Vol. 2: research designs. Washington: APA Books; 2012. p. 57–71.
Muhr T. ATLAS-ti: the knowledge workbench. Version 6.0. Berlin: Scientific Software Development; 2009.
Anderson LM, Scrimshaw SC, Fullilove MT, Fielding JE, Normand J. Culturally competent healthcare systems: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2003;24(3):68–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00657-8.
Lloyd C, King R, Chenoweth L. Social work, stress and burnout: a review. J Ment Health. 2002;11(3):255–65. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09638230020023642.
Ngo-Metzger Q, Massagli MP, Clarridge BR, Manocchia M, Davis RB, Iezzoni LI, Phillips RS. Linguistic and cultural barriers to care: perspectives of Chinese and Vietnamese immigrants. J Gen Intern Med. 2003;18(1):44–52. doi:https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.20205.x.
House JS. Work stress and social support. Reading: Addison-Wesley; 1981.
Houkes I, Janssen PPM, De Jonge J, Bakker AB. Specific determinants of intrinsic work motivation, emotional exhaustion and turnover intention: a multissample longitudinal study. J Occup Organ Psychol. 2003;76(4):427–50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1348/096317903322591578.
Kim H, Stoner M. Burnout and turnover intention among social workers: effects of role stress, job autonomy and social support. Adm Soc Work. 2008;32(3):5–25. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/03643100801922357.
Barak MEM, Nissly JA, Levin A. Antecedents to retention and turnover among child welfare, social work, and other human service employees: what can we learn from past research? A review and meta-analysis. Soc Serv Rev. 2001;75(4):625–62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1086/323166.
Nissly JA, Barak MEM, Levin A. Stress, social support, and workers’ intentions to leave their jobs in public child welfare. Adm Soc Work. 2005;29(1):79–100. doi:https://doi.org/10.1300/J147v29n01_06.
Dishion TJ, Stormshak EA. Intervening in children’s lives: an ecological, family-centered approach to mental health care. Washington: American Psychological Association; 2007.
Gates AB. Integrating social services and social change: lessons from an immigrant worker center. J Community Pract. 2014;22(1–2):102–29. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10705422.2014.901270.
Funding
This study was funded by Samsung Research Fund, Sungkyunkwan University, 2013.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
All procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The first, second and last author did not participate in the data collection.
Informed consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yi, J., Kim, M.A., Kim, K. et al. Exploring Social Service Providers’ Perspectives on Barriers to Social Services for Early Adjustment of Immigrant Adolescents in South Korea. J Immigrant Minority Health 18, 1076–1084 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-016-0406-2
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-016-0406-2