Skip to main content
Log in

Exploring Social Service Providers’ Perspectives on Barriers to Social Services for Early Adjustment of Immigrant Adolescents in South Korea

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recently arrived immigrant adolescents experience difficulties in adjusting to school in South Korea. However, the existing social services do not meet their psychosocial needs. This study investigates the perspectives of social service providers about challenges in providing services for immigrant adolescents early in their adjustments. We conducted qualitative, in-depth interviews with 27 South Korean social service providers. We identified barriers to social services, categorized into three themes: (1) Initial Contact Phase; (2) Service Delivery Phase; and (3) Structural Challenges. We suggest interventions concerning work-related stress for the social service providers, family-level involvement, diversity training, and integrated and collaborative immigration services. An examination of social service providers’ challenges in working with immigrant adolescents is a necessary first step toward the development of programs and policies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lee HK. Gender, migration and civil activism in South Korea. Asian Pac Migr J. 2003;12(1/2):127–53. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/011719680301200106.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Lee HK. The employment of foreign workers: issues and policy suggestions. Int Sociol. 1997;12(3):353–71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/026858097012003005.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Park YB. The turning point in international migration and economic development in Korea. Asian Pac Migr J. 1994;3:149–74. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300108.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Ministry of Public Administration and Security. The present status of foreign citizen of local governments; 2014. https://doi.org/www.mospa.go.kr.

  5. Steiner H, editor. Treating adolescents. San Francisco: Wiley; 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Fuligni A. A comparative longitudinal approach to acculturation among children from immigrant families. Harv Educ Rev. 2001;71(3):566–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.71.3.j7046h63234441u3.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Titzmann M, Silbereisen RK. Acculturation or development? Autonomy expectations among ethnic German immigrant adolescents and their native German age-mates. Child Dev. 2012;83(5):1640–54. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01799.x.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Berry JW, Phinney JS, Sam DL, Vedder P. Immigrant youth: acculturation, identity, and adaptation. Appl Psychol. 2006;55(3):303–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00256.x.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Liebkind K, Jasinskaja-Lahti I, Solheim E. Cultural identity, perceived discrimination, and parental support as determinants of immigrants’ school adjustments: vietnamese youth in Finland. J Adolesc Res. 2004;19(6):635–56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558404269279.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Oh KW. Multicultural family adolescents: their acceptance of Korean culture and adaption to Korean school life. J Korean Home Econ Assoc. 2011;49(9):83–97. doi:https://doi.org/10.6115/khea.2011.49.9.083.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Wentzel KR. School adjustment. In: Reynolds WM, Miller GE, Weiner IB, editors. Handbook of psychology, vol. 7: educational psychology. New York: Wiley; 2003. p. 235–58.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kiang L, Supple AJ, Stein GL, Gonzalez LM. Gendered academic adjustment among Asian American adolescents in an emerging immigrant community. J Youth Adolesc. 2012;41(3):283–94. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-011-9697-8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Noam G, Oppedal B, Idsoe T, Panjwani N. Mental health problems and school outcomes among immigrant and non-immigrant early adolescents in Norway. Sch Ment Health J. 2014;6(4):279–93. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-014-9129-5.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Sirin SR, Gupta T, Ryce P, Katsiaficas D, Suárez-Orozco C, Rogers-Sirin L. Understanding the role of social support in trajectories of mental health symptoms for immigrant adolescents. J Appl Dev Psychol. 2013;34(5):199–207. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2013.04.004.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Smokowski PR, Bacallao ML. Acculturation, internalizing mental health symptoms, and self-esteem: cultural experiences of Latino adolescents in North Carolina. Child Psychiat Hum D. 2007;37(3):273–92. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-006-0035-4.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Yeh CJ. Age, acculturation, cultural adjustment, and mental health symptoms of Chinese, Korean, and Japanese immigrant youths. Cult Divers Ethn Minor Psychol. 2003;9(1):34–48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.9.1.34.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kim AY, Kim SI. Comparisons of psychological factors related to school adjustment between children from international marriage families and from general families. Korean J Educ Psychol. 2001;25(4):853–73.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Lee BC, Song DY. A qualitative study on the school adaptation of multicultural family youth from accompanied entry. Korean J Soc Welf. 2011;63(4):131–54.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Shin JH, Doh HS, Hong JS, Kim JS. Pathways from non-Korean mothers’ cultural adaptation, marital conflict, and parenting behavior to bi-ethnic children’s school adjustment in South Korea. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2012;34(5):914–23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.01.018.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kim NK. Multicultural challenges in Korea: the current stage and a prospect. Int Migr. 2014;52(2):100–21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2009.00582.x.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Hong JS, Han IY. Call for incorporating cultural competency in South Korean social work education. In: Noble C, Henrickson M, Han IY, editors. Social work education: voices from the Asia Pacific. Sydney: Sydney University Press; 2013. p. 3–27.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Giorgi A. Phenomenology and psychological research, Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania: Duquesne University Press; 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Van Manen M. Researching lived experience: human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press; 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Lofland J, Lofland LH. Analyzing social settings: a guide to qualitative observation and analysis. 3rd ed. Belmont: Wadsworth; 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77–101. doi:https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Braum V, Clarke V. Thematic analysis. In: Cooper H, editor. APA handbook of research methods in psychology. Vol. 2: research designs. Washington: APA Books; 2012. p. 57–71.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Muhr T. ATLAS-ti: the knowledge workbench. Version 6.0. Berlin: Scientific Software Development; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Anderson LM, Scrimshaw SC, Fullilove MT, Fielding JE, Normand J. Culturally competent healthcare systems: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2003;24(3):68–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00657-8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Lloyd C, King R, Chenoweth L. Social work, stress and burnout: a review. J Ment Health. 2002;11(3):255–65. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09638230020023642.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Ngo-Metzger Q, Massagli MP, Clarridge BR, Manocchia M, Davis RB, Iezzoni LI, Phillips RS. Linguistic and cultural barriers to care: perspectives of Chinese and Vietnamese immigrants. J Gen Intern Med. 2003;18(1):44–52. doi:https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.20205.x.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. House JS. Work stress and social support. Reading: Addison-Wesley; 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Houkes I, Janssen PPM, De Jonge J, Bakker AB. Specific determinants of intrinsic work motivation, emotional exhaustion and turnover intention: a multissample longitudinal study. J Occup Organ Psychol. 2003;76(4):427–50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1348/096317903322591578.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Kim H, Stoner M. Burnout and turnover intention among social workers: effects of role stress, job autonomy and social support. Adm Soc Work. 2008;32(3):5–25. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/03643100801922357.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Barak MEM, Nissly JA, Levin A. Antecedents to retention and turnover among child welfare, social work, and other human service employees: what can we learn from past research? A review and meta-analysis. Soc Serv Rev. 2001;75(4):625–62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1086/323166.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Nissly JA, Barak MEM, Levin A. Stress, social support, and workers’ intentions to leave their jobs in public child welfare. Adm Soc Work. 2005;29(1):79–100. doi:https://doi.org/10.1300/J147v29n01_06.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Dishion TJ, Stormshak EA. Intervening in children’s lives: an ecological, family-centered approach to mental health care. Washington: American Psychological Association; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Gates AB. Integrating social services and social change: lessons from an immigrant worker center. J Community Pract. 2014;22(1–2):102–29. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10705422.2014.901270.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study was funded by Samsung Research Fund, Sungkyunkwan University, 2013.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kihyun Kim.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The first, second and last author did not participate in the data collection.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yi, J., Kim, M.A., Kim, K. et al. Exploring Social Service Providers’ Perspectives on Barriers to Social Services for Early Adjustment of Immigrant Adolescents in South Korea. J Immigrant Minority Health 18, 1076–1084 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-016-0406-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-016-0406-2

Keywords

Navigation