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The value of linking paleoecological and neoecological perspectives to understand spatially-explicit ecosystem resilience

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Abstract

Context

Predicting ecosystem resilience is a challenge, especially as climate change alters disturbance regimes and conditions for recovery. Recent research has highlighted the importance of spatially-explicit disturbance and resilience processes to long-term ecosystem dynamics. “Neoecological” approaches characterize resilience mechanisms at relatively fine spatio-temporal resolutions, but results are difficult to extrapolate across broad temporal scales or climatic ranges. Paleoecological methodologies can consider the effects of climates that differ from today. However, they are often limited to coarse-grained spatio-temporal resolutions.

Methods

In this synthesis, we describe implicit and explicit examples of studies that incorporate both neo- and paleoecological approaches. We propose ways to build on the strengths of both approaches in an explicit and proactive fashion.

Results

Linking the two approaches is a powerful way to surpass their respective limitations. Aligning spatial scales is critical: Paleoecological sampling design should incorporate knowledge of the spatial characteristics of the disturbance process, and neoecological studies benefit from a longer-term context to their conclusions. In some cases, modeling can incorporate non-spatial data from paleoecological records or emerging spatial paleo-data networks with mechanistic disturbance/recovery processes that operate at fine spatiotemporal scales.

Conclusions

Linking these two complementary approaches is a powerful way to build a complete understanding of ecosystem disturbance and resilience.

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Acknowledgements

This manuscript developed from discussions at the Novus II workshop at Estes Park, Colorado, U.S.A. (https://novusrcn.wordpress.com/) Financial support for the workshop was provided by NSF DEB-1145815 to KM, PH, DG, MM, and SP. We thank the reviewers for their helpful comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Colorado, Denver, 1151 Arapahoe, SI 2071, Denver, CO, 80204, USA

    B. Buma

  2. University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA

    B. J. Harvey

  3. University of Oregon, 1585 E 13th Ave, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA

    D. G. Gavin

  4. University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, 286 Morrill, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    R. Kelly

  5. University of Maryland, 2181 Samuel LeFrak Hall, 7251 Preinkert Dr, College Park, MD, 20742, USA

    T. Loboda

  6. West Virginia University, 330 Brooks Hall, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA

    B. E. McNeil

  7. Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA

    J. R. Marlon

  8. University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1139, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA

    A. J. H. Meddens

  9. University of Utah, 1721 Campus Center Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA

    J. L. Morris

  10. University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    K. F. Raffa

  11. University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA

    B. Shuman

  12. The Pennsylvania State University, 302 Walker, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    E. A. H. Smithwick

  13. Kansas State University, 118 Seaton, 920 N. 17th St, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA

    K. K. McLauchlan

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  1. B. Buma
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  3. D. G. Gavin
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Correspondence to B. Buma.

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Buma, B., Harvey, B.J., Gavin, D.G. et al. The value of linking paleoecological and neoecological perspectives to understand spatially-explicit ecosystem resilience. Landscape Ecol 34, 17–33 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-018-0754-5

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