We present the results of investigation of the structure and properties of four titanium alloys of the Ti–Nb–Mo system after their subsolidus annealing and annealing with quenching from 870°С. The obtained results indicate that heat treatment strongly affects the phase composition, microstructure, microhardness, Young’s modulus, and elastic properties of investigated specimens. The annealed alloys are two-phase α′ + β alloys and their Young’s modulus is close to Young’s modulus of pure titanium (87–100 GРа). Quenching leads to the formation of the α′′ -phase and the amount of β -phase becomes insignificant. As a result, the microhardness somewhat decreases and Young’s modulus becomes ∼ 1.5 times lower.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
T. Rae, “The toxicity of metals used in orthopedic prostheses. An experimental study using cultured human synovial fibroblasts,” J. Bone Joint Surg. Br., 63, No. 3, 435–440 (1981).
F. Sun, Y. L. Hao, S. Nowak, T. Gloriant, P. Laheurte, and F. Prima, “A thermo-mechanical treatment to improve the superelastic performances of biomedical Ti–26Nb and Ti–20Nb–6Zr (at.%) alloys,” J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 4, No. 8, 1864–1872 (2011).
Y. W. Chaia, H. Y. Kima, H. Hosodab, and S. Miyazaki, “Interfacial defects in Ti–Nb shape memory alloys,” Acta Mater., 56, No. 13, 3088–3097 (2008).
W. F. Ho, C. P. Ju, and J. H. C. Lin, “Structure and properties of cast binary Ti–Mo alloys,” Biomaterials, 20, No. 22, 2115–2122 (1999).
D. J. Lin, C. C. Chuang, J. H. Chern, J. W. Lee, C. P. Ju, and H. S. Yin, “Bone formation at the surface of low modulus Ti–7.5 Mo implants in rabbit femur,” Biomaterials, 28, No. 16, 2582–2589 (2007).
N. T. C. Oliveira and A. C. Guastaldi, “Electrochemical stability and corrosion resistance of Ti–Mo alloys for biomedical applications,” Acta Biomater., 5, No. 1, 399–405 (2009).
H. Y. Kim, S. Hashimoto, J. I. Kim, H. Hosoda, and S. Miyazaki, “Mechanical properties and shape memory behavior of Ti–Nb alloys,” Mater. Trans., 45, No. 7, 2443–2448 (2004).
L. C. Zhang, T. Zhou, S. P. Alpay, and M. Aindow, “Origin of pseudoelastic behavior in Ti–Mo-based alloys,” Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, No. 24, 241909 (2005).
L. H. de Almeida, I. N. Bastos, I. D. Santos, A. J. B. Dutra, C. A. Nunes, and S. B. Gabriel, “Corrosion resistance of aged Ti–Mo–Nb alloys for biomedical applications,” J. Alloys Comp., 615, 666–669 (2014).
C. Zhang, H. Tian, C. Hao, J. Zhao, Q. Wang, E. Liu, and C. Dong, “First-principles calculations of elastic moduli of Ti–Mo–Nb alloys using a cluster-plus-glue-atom model for stable solid solutions,” J. Mater. Sci., 48, No. 8, 3138–3146 (2013).
Y. Al-Zain, Y. Sato, H. Y. Kim, H. Hosoda, T. H. Nam, and S. Miyazaki, “Room temperature aging behavior of Ti–Nb–Mo-based superelastic alloys,” Acta Mater., 60, No. 5, 2437–2447 (2012).
D. C. Zhang, Y. F. Mao, Y. L. Li, J. J. Li, M. Yuan, and J. G. Lin, “Effect of ternary alloying elements on microstructure and superelasticity of Ti–Nb alloys,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 559, 706–710 (2013).
V. N. Eremenko and L. A. Tret’yachenko, Ternary Systems of Titanium with Transition Metals from Groups IV–VI [in Russian], Naukova Dumka, Kiev (1987).
V. Cheverikin, G. Ghosh, A. Makudera, and J.-C. Tedenac, “Mo–Nb–Ti ternary phase diagram evaluation,” in: G. Effenberg (editor), Materials Science International, Stuttgart (2015), Document ID 10.21856.1.1; http://www.msi-eureka.com/previewhtml/10.21856.1.1/Mo-Nb-Ti_Ternary_Phase_Diagram_Evaluation/.
N. N. Sobolev, V. I. Levanov, О. P. Elyutin, and V. S. Mikheev, “Construction of the diagram of melting for the Ti–V–Nb–Mo system by the simplex lattice method,” Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR. Metally, No. 2, 217–221 (1974).
I. I. Kornilov and R. S. Polyakova, “Diagrams of state for the ternary titanium–niobium–molybdenum system,” Zh. Neorg. Khim., 3, No. 4, 879–888 (1958).
O. M. Myslyvchenko, A. A. Bondar, V. F. Gorban, Yu. F. Lugovskyi, V. B. Sobolev, and I. B. Tikhonova, “Structure and physicomechanical properties of cast titanium alloys of the Ti−Nb−Mo system,” Fiz.-Khim. Mekh. Mater., 56, No. 2, 81–87 (2020); English translation: Mater. Sci., 56, No. 2, 224–231 (2020).
Yu. A. Kocherzhinskii, E. A. Shishkin, and V. I. Vasilenko, DTA apparatus with a thermocouple sensor of up to 2200°С,” in: N. V. Ageev and O. S. Ivanov (editors), Diagrams of State of Metallic Systems [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1971), pp. 245–249.
V. A. Kuz’menko, Sonic and Ultrasonic Oscillations in the Dynamic Testing of Materials [in Russian], Izd. Akad. Nauk Ukr. SSR, Kiev (1963).
S. A. Firstov, V. F. Gorban, and É. P. Pechkovskii, “Determination of the ultimate values of hardness, elastic strains, and corresponding stresses for materials by the method of automatic indentation,” Materialovedenie, No. 8, 15–21 (2008).
H. S. Kim, W. Y. Kim, and S. H. Lim, “Microstructure and elastic modulus of Ti–Nb–Si ternary alloys for biomedical applications,” Scr. Mater., 54, No. 5, 887–891 (2006).
R. Davis, H. M. Flower, and D. R. F. West, “Martensitic transformations in Ti–Mo alloys,” J. Mater. Sci., 14, No. 3, 712–722 (1979).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated from Fizyko-Khimichna Mekhanika Materialiv, Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 44–52, July–August, 2020.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Myslyvchenko, О.М., Bondar, А.А., Tsyganenko, N.І. et al. Influence of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Physicomechanical Properties of Titanium Alloys of the Ti−Nb−Mo system. Mater Sci 56, 481–490 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11003-021-00454-0
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11003-021-00454-0