Abstract
Conditional tail expectations are often used in risk measurement and capital allocation. Conditional mean risk sharing appears to be effective in collaborative insurance, to distribute total losses among participants. This paper develops analytical results for risk allocation among different, correlated units based on conditional tail expectations and conditional mean risk sharing. Results available in the literature for independent risks are extended to correlated ones, in a unified way. The approach is applied to mixture models with correlated latent factors that are often used in practice. Conditional Monte Carlo simulation procedures are proposed in that setting.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arratia R, Goldstein L, Kochman F (2019) Size bias for one and all. Probab Surv 16:1–61
Arnold BC, Sarabia JM (2018) Majorization and the lorenz order with applications in applied mathematics and economics. Springer. Statistics for Social and Behavioral Sciences Series
Asimit AV, Furman E, Vernic R (2010) On a multivariate Pareto distribution. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 46:308–316
Asimit AV, Vernic R, Zitikis R (2013) Evaluating risk measures and capital allocations based on multi-losses driven by a heavy-tailed background risk: The multivariate pareto-II model. Risks 1:14–33
Cohen A, Sackrowitz HB (1995) On stochastic ordering of random vectors. J Appl Probab 32:960–965
Cote MP, Genest C (2019) Dependence in a background risk model. J Multivar Anal 172:28–46
Denuit M (2019) Size-biased transform and conditional mean risk sharing, with application to P2P insurance and tontines. ASTIN Bulletin 49:591–617
Denuit M (2021) Reply to Edward Furman, Yisub Kye, and Jianxi Su on Their Discussion on the Paper Titled “Size-Biased Risk Measures of Compound Sums”. North American Actuarial Journal, in press
Denuit M, Dhaene J (2012) Convex order and comonotonic conditional mean risk sharing. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 51:265–270
Denuit M, Dhaene J, Goovaerts MJ, Kaas R (2005) Actuarial theory for dependent risks: Measures orders and models. Wiley, New York
Denuit M, Kiriliouk A, Segers J (2015) Max-factor individual risk models with application to credit portfolios. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 62:162–172
Denuit M, Lu Y (2020) Wishart-Gamma random effects for multivariate experience ratemaking, frequency-severity experience ratemaking and micro loss-reserving. Journal of Risk and Insurance, in press
Denuit M, Mesfioui M (2017) Preserving the Rothschild-Stiglitz type increase in risk with background risk: A characterization. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 72:1–5
Denuit M, Robert CY (2020a) Large-loss behavior of conditional mean risk sharing. ASTIN Bulletin 50:1093–1122
Denuit M, Robert CY (2020b) Stop-loss protection for a large P2P insurance pool. Available at https://dial.uclouvain.be
Denuit M, Robert CY (2021a) From risk sharing to pure premium for a large number of heterogeneous losses. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 96:116–126
Denuit M, Robert CY (2021b) Collaborative insurance with stop-loss protection and team partitioning. North American Actuarial Journal, in press
Denuit M (2021c) Polynomial series expansion and moment approximations for the conditional mean risk sharing of insurance losses. Available at https://dial.uclouvain.be
Furman E, Kuznetsov A, Zitikis R (2018) Weighted risk capital allocations in the presence of systematic risk. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 79:75–81
Furman E, Kye Y, Su J (2021a) Discussion on “Size-Biased Risk Measures of Compound Sums” by Michel Denuit, January 2020. North American Actuarial Journal, in press
Furman E, Kye Y, Su J (2021b) Multiplicative background risk models: Setting a course for the idiosyncratic risk factors distributed phase-type. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 96:153–167
Furman E, Landsman Z (2005) Risk capital decomposition for a multivariate dependent gamma portfolio. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 37:635–649
Furman E, Landsman Z (2008a) Economic capital allocations for non-negative portfolios of dependent risks. ASTIN Bulletin 38:601–619
Furman E, Landsman Z (2008b) Economic capital allocations for non-negative portfolios of dependent risks. ASTIN Bulletin 38:601–619
Furman E, Landsman Z (2010) Multivariate Tweedie distributions and some related capital-at-risk analyses. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 46:351–361
Furman E, Zitikis R (2007) Discussion of the paper “An actuarial premium pricing model for nonnormal insurance and financial risks in incomplete Markets” by Zinoviy Landsman and Michael Sherris, January 2007. North American Actuarial Journal 11:174–176
Furman E, Zitikis R (2008a) Weighted risk capital allocations. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 43:263–269
Furman E, Zitikis R (2008b) Weighted premium calculation principles. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 42:459–465
Furman E, Zitikis R (2009) Weighted pricing functionals with applications to insurance: an overview. North American Actuarial Journal 13:483–496
Giesecke K (2003) A simple exponential model for dependent defaults. Journal of Fixed Income 13:74–83
Guo X, Li J, Liu D, Wang J (2016) Preserving the Rothschild–Stiglitz type of increasing risk with background risk. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 70:144–149
Gupta RD, Richards DSP (1987) Multivariate Liouville distributions. J Multivar Anal 23:233–256
Horn RA, Steutel FW (1978) On multivariate infinitely divisible distributions. Stochastic Processes and Their Applications 6:139–151
Jain K, Nanda AK (1995) On multivariate weighted distributions. Communications in Statistics-Theory and Methods 24:2517–2539
Kim JH, Jang J, Pyun C (2019) Capital allocation for a sum of dependent compound mixed Poisson variables: A recursive algorithm approach. North American Actuarial Journal 23:82–97
Mohammed N, Furman E, Su J (2021) Some results on the risk capital allocation rule induced by the Conditional Tail Expectation risk measure. Available at SSRN 3781596
Navarro J, Ruiz JM, Del Aguila Y (2006) Multivariate weighted distributions: a review and some extensions. Statistics 40:51–64
Shaked M, Shanthikumar JG (2007) Stochastic orders. Springer, New York
Wang S (1998) Aggregation of correlated risk portfolios: Models and algorithms. Proceedings of the Casualty Actuarial Society, pp 848–939
Zabell S (1979) Continous versions of regular conditional distributions. Ann Probab 7:159–165
Acknowledgements
The authors thank two anonymous Referees and the Editor for their constructive comments which helped to improve this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Denuit, M., Robert, C.Y. Conditional Tail Expectation Decomposition and Conditional Mean Risk Sharing for Dependent and Conditionally Independent Losses. Methodol Comput Appl Probab 24, 1953–1985 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11009-021-09888-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11009-021-09888-0
Keywords
- Weighted distributions
- Size-biased transform
- Mixture models
- Archimedean copulas
- Conditional Monte Carlo simulation