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Lipoic acid. Kinetics and pluripotent biological properties and derivatives

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Abstract

Lipoic acid (LA) is globally known and its supplements are widely used. Despite its importance for the organism it is not considered a vitamin any more. The multiple metabolic forms and the differences in kinetics (absorption, distribution and excretion), as well as the actions of its enantiomers are analysed in the present article together with its biosynthetic path. The proteins involved in the transfer, biotransformation and activity of LA are mentioned. Furthermore, the safety and the toxicological profile of the compound are commented, together with its stability issues. Mechanisms of lipoic acid intervention in the human body are analysed considering the antioxidant and non-antioxidant characteristics of the compound. The chelating properties, the regenerative ability of other antioxidants, the co-enzyme activity and the signal transduction by the implication in various pathways will be discussed in order to be elucidated the pleiotropic effects of LA. Finally, lipoic acid integrating analogues are mentioned under the scope of the multiple pharmacological actions they acquire towards degenerative conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Frederick University, 1036, Nicosia, Cyprus

    Panagiotis Theodosis-Nobelos & Georgios Papagiouvannis

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Paraskevi Tziona & Eleni A. Rekka

Authors
  1. Panagiotis Theodosis-Nobelos
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  2. Georgios Papagiouvannis
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  3. Paraskevi Tziona
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  4. Eleni A. Rekka
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Contributions

PT-N and ER had the idea for this article, PT-N and GP performed the literature search and data collection. PT-N and PT wrote the first draft of the manuscript and ER critically revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Panagiotis Theodosis-Nobelos.

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Theodosis-Nobelos, P., Papagiouvannis, G., Tziona, P. et al. Lipoic acid. Kinetics and pluripotent biological properties and derivatives. Mol Biol Rep 48, 6539–6550 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06643-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06643-z

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