Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Co-Tier Uplink Power Control in Small Cell Networks by Stackelberg Game with Two-Way Pricing Mechanism

  • Published:
Mobile Networks and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Due to the continuous evolving of mobile communication technologies, deploying small cells (SCs), also known as SC base stations (SBSs), is regarded as one of the feasible alternatives to provide better indoor signal quality to meet the ever-increasing demand for mobile broadband data in indoor environments. However, the co-tier uplink interference, i.e., interference between SBSs, increases when SBSs are densely deployed. Consequently, the sum-capacity of the small cell network (SCN) is deteriorated. To manage such interference, a co-tier uplink power control scheme which combines the Stackelberg game with two-way pricing mechanism is proposed. In this scheme, among the SBSs, one is selected as the leader and the rest are the followers. Under the premise of not violating the maximum tolerable uplink co-tier interference constraint, leader UE and follower UEs achieve the compromised uplink transmit power based on the proposed two-way bargaining procedure. The average sum-capacity of the SCN and the average uplink transmit power of leader UE and follower UEs are used as the major metrics to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. Compared with the simulation results obtained by only controlling the transmit power of follower UEs, i.e., Stackelberg game with one-way pricing, the proposed co-tier uplink power control scheme, i.e., Stackelberg game with two-way pricing, attains higher sum-capacity with smaller transmit power.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Nokia, Ultra Dense Network (UDN) White Paper. (https://resources.ext.nokia.com/asset/200295 available on October 24, 2017)

  2. Cisco, Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2017–2022 White Paper. (https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/white-paper-c11-738429.html available on April 18, 2019)

  3. Andrews JG, Buzzi S, Choi W, Hanly SV, Lozano A, Soong ACK, Zhang JC (2014) What will 5G be? IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 32(6):1065–1082

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Gotsis A, Stefanatos S, Alexiou A (June 2016) Ultra dense networks: the new wireless frontier for enabling 5G access. IEEE Trans Veh Technol Mag 11(2):71–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Small Cell Forum, Small Cell Definition. (http://www.smallcellforum.org/about/about-small-cells/small-cell-definition/ available on July 14, 2017)

  6. 3GPP TS 36.304, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) Procedures in Idle Mode,” V15.3.0, March 2019

  7. Xia P, Chandrasekhar V, Andrews JG (2010) Open vs. closed access Femtocells in the uplink. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 9(12):3798–3809

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ge X, Cheng H, Guizani M, Han T (2014) 5G wireless backhaul networks: challenges and research advances. IEEE Netw 28(6):6–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Coldrey M, Berg J-E, Manhaolm L, Larsson C, Hansryd J (2013) Non-line-of-sight small cell backhauling using microwave technology. IEEE Commun Mag 51(9):78–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Jaber M, Imran MA, Tafazolli R, Tukmanov A (2016) 5G backhaul challenges and emerging research directions: a survey. IEEE Access 4:1743–1766

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Jo HS, Mun C, Moon J, Yook JG (2009) Interference mitigation using uplink power control for two-tier Femtocell networks. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 8(10):4906–4910

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Tseng C-C, Wang H-C, Ting K-C, Tsai Y-F, Kuo F-C (2017) Mitigating Uplink Interference in Femto-Marco Coexisted Heterogeneous Network by Using Power Control. Wirel Pers Commun 95(1):83–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Chen L, Xia H, Feng C, Wu S (2015). Clustering-based co-tier interference coordination in dense small cell networks, 2015 IEEE 26th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)

  14. Altman E, Boulogne T, El-Azouzi R (2006) A survey on networking games in telecommunications. Comput Oper Res 33(2):286–311

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Mark Felegyhazi and J.-P. Hubaux. Game theory in wireless networks: A Tutorial, EPFL Technical Report: LCA-REPORT-2006-002

  16. Saad W, Han Z, Basar T, Debbah M, Hjorungnes A (2011) Network formation games among relay stations in next generation wireless networks. IEEE Trans Commun 59(9):2528–2542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kang X, Zhang R, Motani M (2012) Price-based resource allocation for Spectrum-sharing Femtocell networks: a Stackelberg game approach. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 30(3):538–549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Tseng C-C, Peng C-S, Lo S-H, Wang H-C, Kuo F-C, Ting K-C (2014). Co-tier uplink power control in femtocell networks by stackelberg game with pricing,” International Conference on Wireless Communications, Vehicular Technology, Information Theory and Aerospace @ Electronic Systems (VITEA)

  19. von Stackelberg H (2011) Market Structure and Equilibrium: 1st edition translation into English. Springer, Bazin, Urch & Hill

    Book  Google Scholar 

  20. 3GPP TSG RAN WG4 (Radio) Meeting #51 R4–092042 (2009). “Simulation assumptions and parameters for FDD HeNB RF Requirements,” May 2009

  21. Arvidsson P (2011). Channel estimation error model for SRS in LTE. Master Thesis, KTH

  22. Lopez-Perez D, Ladanyi A, Juttner A, Rivano H, Zhang J (2011). Optimization method for the joint allocation of modulation schemes, coding rates, resource blocks and power in self-organizing LTE networks, IEEE INFOCOM

Download references

Acknowledgments

This paper was supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan under the grant number 105–2221-E-197-003. Preliminary results of this work were published in IoTaaS 2017.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan

    Chih-Cheng Tseng, Hwang-Cheng Wang, Shih-Han Lo & Fang-Chang Kuo

  2. Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Xinfeng, Taiwan

    Kuo-Chang Ting

Authors
  1. Chih-Cheng Tseng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hwang-Cheng Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kuo-Chang Ting
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shih-Han Lo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Fang-Chang Kuo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fang-Chang Kuo.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tseng, CC., Wang, HC., Ting, KC. et al. Co-Tier Uplink Power Control in Small Cell Networks by Stackelberg Game with Two-Way Pricing Mechanism. Mobile Netw Appl 26, 1093–1106 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-020-01619-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-020-01619-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation