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Variations of Glutamate Concentration Within Synaptic Cleft in the Presence of Electromagnetic Fields: An Artificial Neural Networks Study

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Abstract

Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that is released by the majority of central nervous system synapses and is involved in developmental processes, cognitive functions, learning and memory. Excessive elevated concentrations of Glu in synaptic cleft results in neural cell apoptosis which is called excitotoxicity causing neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, we investigated the possibility of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) as a risk factor which is able to change Glu concentration in synaptic clef. Synaptosomes as a model of nervous terminal were exposed to ELF-EMF for 15–55 min in flux intensity range from 0.1 to 2 mT and frequency range from 50 to 230 Hz. Finally, all raw data by INForm v4.02 software as an artificial neural network program was analyzed to predict the effect of whole mentioned range spectra. The results showed the tolerance of all effects between the ranges from −35 to +40 % compared to normal state when glutamatergic systems exposed to ELF-EMF. It indicates that glutamatergic system attempts to compensate environmental changes though release or reuptake in order to keep the system safe. Regarding to the wide range of ELF-EMF acquired in this study, the obtained outcomes have potential for developing treatments based on ELF-EMF for some neurological diseases; however, in vivo experiments on the cross linking responses between glutamatergic and cholinergic systems in the presence of ELF-EMF would be needed.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by Neuroorganic Lab at Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran and BioIdeas Lab at Knowledge Management Devision in Biological Sprited Ideas Company, Tehran, Iran. We are thankful to Mohamadreza Abdolahzade and Hosein Toossi for their help in preparation of this paper.

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  1. Gholam Hossein Riazi

    Present address: Neuro-Organic Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (I.B.B.), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (I.B.B.), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Neda Masoudian, Gholam Hossein Riazi, Ali Afrasiabi, Seyed Mohamad Sadegh Modaresi, Ali Dadras, Shahrbanoo Rafiei, Atiye Lyaghi, Mostafa Jarah, Shahin Ahmadian & Hossein Seidkhani

  2. BioIdeas Lab, Knowledge Management Division, Biological Sprited Ideas Company, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Afrasiabi

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Mohamad Sadegh Modaresi

  4. Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy

    Meysam Yazdankhah

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Masoudian, N., Riazi, G.H., Afrasiabi, A. et al. Variations of Glutamate Concentration Within Synaptic Cleft in the Presence of Electromagnetic Fields: An Artificial Neural Networks Study. Neurochem Res 40, 629–642 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-014-1509-6

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