Abstract
We present a comparative analysis of the conduction band edge of the alkali earth metal bismuthates containing Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba. The conduction band edges were computed using the method suggested by Butler and Ginley. The calculations reveal that they depend on the bismuthate’s composition and vary over a wide range. We demonstrate that the energy of the conduction band increases in the series Ca → Sr → Ba. It also increases with an increase of the alkali earth metal content. The performed calculations help to determine the potential alkali earth metal bismuthate photocatalysts. The most promising compositions found in this study include strontium and barium bismuthates in which the number of the alkali earth metal atoms in the cationic sublattice exceeds the number of the bismuth atoms.
References
Andersen, T.: Atomic negative ions: structure, dynamics, and collisions. Phys. Rep. 394(4–5), 157–313 (2004)
Andersen, H.H., Petrunin, V.V., Kristensen, P., Andersen, T.: Structural properties of the negative strontium ion: binding energy and fine-structure splitting. Phys. Rev. A 55, 3247–3249 (1997)
Bessekhouad, Y., Robert, D., Weber, J.-V.: Photocatalytic activity of Cu2O/TiO2, Bi2O3/TiO2, and ZnMn2O4/TiO2 heterojunctions. Catal. Today 101, 315–321 (2005)
Bilodeau, R.C., Haugen, H.K.: Electron affinity of Bi using infrared laser photodetachment threshold spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. A (2001). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.64.024501
Butler, M.A., Ginley, D.S.: Prediction of flatband potentials at semiconductor–electrolyte interfaces from atomic electronegativities. J. Electrochem. Soc. 125, 228–232 (1978)
Chaibi, W., Peláez, R.J., Blondel, C., Drag, C., Delsart, C.: Effect of a magnetic field in photodetachment microscopy. Eur. Phys. J. D 58, 29–37 (2010)
Cheng, L., Kang, Y.: Bi5O7I/Bi2O3 composite photocatalyst with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. Catal. Commun. 72, 16–19 (2015)
Guo, F., Shi, W., Lin, X., Yan, X., Guo, Y., Che, G.: Novel BiVO4/InVO4 heterojunctions: facile synthesis and efficient visible-light photocatalytic performance for the degradation of rhodamine B. Sep. Purif. Technol. 141, 246–255 (2015)
Huang, S., Wang, H., Zhu, N., Lou, Z., Li, L., Shan, A., Yuan, H.: Metal recovery based magnetite near-infrared photocatalyst with broadband spectrum utilization property. Appl. Catal. B 181, 456–464 (2016)
Li, Y., Wang, J., Yao, H., Dang, L., Li, Z.: Efficient decomposition of organic compounds and reaction mechanism with BiOI photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. 334, 116–122 (2011)
Li, X., Zheng, R., Luo, Q., Wang, D., An, J., Yin, R., Liu, Y., Di, W., Han, X.: Cyclized polyacrylonitrile modified Ag3PO4 photocatalysts with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation. Appl. Surf. Sci. 356, 941–950 (2015)
Lide, D.V.: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2003)
Luo, W., Tang, J., Zou, Z., Ye, J.: Preparation and photophysical properties of some oxides in Ca–Bi–O system. J. Alloys Compd. 455, 346–352 (2008)
Ni, Z., Sun, Y., Zhang, Y., Dong, F.: Fabrication, modification, and application of (BiO)2CO3-based photocatalysts: a review. Appl. Surf. Sci. 365, 314–335 (2016)
Niu, F., Chen, D., Qin, L., Gao, T., Zhang, N., Wang, S., Chen, Z., Wang, J., Sun, X., Huang, Y.: Synthesis of Pt/BiFeO3 heterostructured photocatalysts for highly efficient visible-light photocatalytic performances. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 143, 386–396 (2015)
Park, S., Park, J., Selvaraj, R., Kim, Y.: Facile microwave-assisted synthesis of SnS2 nanoparticles for visible-light-responsive photocatalyst. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 31, 269–275 (2015)
Petrunin, V.V., Volstad, J.D., Balling, P., Kristensen, K., Andersen, T.: Resonant ionization spectroscopy of Ba−: metastable and stable ions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1911–1914 (1995)
Petrunin, V.V., Andersen, H.H., Balling, P., Andersen, T.: Structural properties of the negative calcium ion: binding energies and fine-structure splitting. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 744–747 (1996)
Poungchan, G., Ksapabutr, B., Panapoy, M.: One-step synthesis of flower-like carbon-doped ZrO2 for visible-light-responsive photocatalyst. Mater. Des. 89, 137–145 (2016)
Shan, Z., Xia, Y., Yang, Y., Ding, H., Huang, F.: Preparation and photocatalytic activity of novel efficient photocatalyst Sr2Bi2O5. Mater. Lett. 63, 75–77 (2009)
Shekofteh-Gohari, M., Habibi-Yangjeh, A.: Ultrasonic-assisted preparation of novel ternary ZnO/AgI/Fe3O4 nanocomposites as magnetically separable visible-light-driven photocatalysts with excellent activity. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 461, 144–153 (2016)
Shtarev, D.S., Shtareva, A.V.: Photocatalytic degradation of the diesel fuel by using the calcium bismuthate–bismuth oxide photocatalyst composition. Appl. Mech. Mater. 377, 204–208 (2013)
Shtarev, D.S., Shtareva, A.V., Syuy, A.V., Pereginiak, M.V.: Synthesis and photocatalytic properties of alkaline earth metals bismuthates–bismuth oxide compositions. Optik Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 127, 1414–1420 (2016a)
Shtarev, D.S., Shtareva, A.V., Blokh, A.I., Syuy, A.V.: Effect of preparation conditions of calcium bismuthate based photocatalyst on its catalytic properties. In: Proceedings of SPIE 10176, Asia-Pacific Conference on Fundamental Problems of Opto- and Microelectronics, 101761K, December 14 (2016b)
Wang, Y., He, Y., Li, T., Cai, J., Luo, M., Zhao, L.: Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue on CaBi6O10/Bi2O3 composite under visible light. Chem. Eng. J. 189–190, 473–481 (2012)
Yan, X., Zhu, X., Li, R., Chen, W.: Au/BiOCl heterojunction within mesoporous silica shell as a stable plasmonic photocatalyst for efficient organic pollutants decomposition under visible light. J. Hazard. Mater. 303, 1–9 (2016)
Yang, C., Huang, Y., Li, F., Li, T.: One-step synthesis of Bi2WO6/TiO2 heterojunctions with enhanced photocatalytic and superhydrophobic property via hydrothermal method. J. Mater. Sci. 51, 1032–1042 (2016)
Acknowledgements
The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 17-73-00007).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shtarev, D.S., Blokh, A.I., Nashchochin, E.O. et al. The dependence of the conduction band edge of the alkali earth metal bismuthates on their composition. Opt Quant Electron 50, 228 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-018-1498-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-018-1498-9