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Spray Dried Smectite Clay Particles as a Novel Treatment against Obesity

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Abstract

Purpose

To explore the feasibility of spray dried smectite clay particles fabricated from montmorillonite or laponite materials for adsorbing dietary lipids and reducing rodent weight gain in vivo.

Methods

Spray dried montmorillonite (SD-MMT) and spray dried laponite (SD-LAP) particles were prepared via spray drying. Particle morphology, surface area and redispersion/aggregation properties in aqueous media were characterized. The ability of SD-MMT and SD-LAP particles to inhibit lipid digestion kinetics and adsorb lipid species from solution was assessed during in vitro lipolysis using proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. SD-MMT and SD-LAP particles were dosed to rodents fed a high-fat diet and their effect on body weight gain was evaluated.

Results

Both SD-MMT and SD-LAP particles adsorbed significant quantities of medium chain triglycerides and lipolytic products from solution during in vitro lipolysis. At a concentration of 50% w/w relative to lipid content, SD-MMT and SD-LAP particles adsorbed 42% and 94% of all lipid species, respectively. SD-MMT and SD-LAP particles also reduced the extent of rodent weight gain relative to the negative control treatment group and performed similarly to orlistat via an alternate mechanism of action.

Conclusions

Spray dried smectite clay particles (SD-MMT and SD-LAP) with significant adsorptive capacities for dietary lipids and digestion products were successfully fabricated. These particles may be developed as novel anti-obesity treatments with fewer adverse effects than currently marketed treatment options.

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Abbreviations

1H NMR:

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance

AUC:

Area under the curve

CEC:

Cation exchange capacity

D(v,0.5):

Cumulative undersized volume fraction equal to 50%

DG:

Diglyceride

FA:

Fatty acid

H max :

Maximum extent of lipid hydrolysis

MCT:

Medium chain triglyceride

MG:

Monoglyceride

PBS:

Phosphate buffered saline

SD-LAP:

Spray dried laponite

SD-MMT:

Spray dried montmorillonite

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SSA:

Specific surface area

TG:

Triglyceride

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Acknowledgments and Disclosures

The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology (ARC CE140100036) is gratefully acknowledged for research funding and support. The Australian Government Research Training Program is acknowledged for the PhD Scholarship of Tahnee J. Dening; the ÅForsk Foundation (16–463) and Wenner-Gren Foundation are acknowledged for the postdoctoral fellowship support and funding of Paul Joyce and Hanna Gustafsson; and, the Academy of Finland (#287625) is acknowledged for funding for the postdoctoral fellowship of Miia Kovalainen. This work was performed (in part) at the South Australian node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility under the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia

    Tahnee J. Dening, Paul Joyce, Miia Kovalainen, Hanna Gustafsson & Clive A. Prestidge

  2. ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia

    Tahnee J. Dening, Hanna Gustafsson & Clive A. Prestidge

  3. Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Paul Joyce

  4. Research Unit of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014, Oulo, Finland

    Miia Kovalainen

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  1. Tahnee J. Dening
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Correspondence to Clive A. Prestidge.

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Dening, T.J., Joyce, P., Kovalainen, M. et al. Spray Dried Smectite Clay Particles as a Novel Treatment against Obesity. Pharm Res 36, 21 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-018-2552-9

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