Abstract
Pathogen infection of plant results in modification of photosynthesis and defense mechanisms. Beneficial microorganisms are known to improve plant tolerance to stresses. Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN (Bp), a beneficial endophytic bacterium, promotes growth of a wide range of plants and induces plant resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses such as coldness and infection by a necrotrophic pathogen. However, mechanisms underlying its role in plant tolerance towards (hemi)biotrophic invaders is still lacking. We thus decipher photosynthetic and defense responses during the interaction between Arabidopsis, Bp and the hemibiotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst). Different Bp inoculations allowed analyzes at both systemic and local levels. Despite no direct antibacterial action, our results showed that only local presence of Bp alleviates Pst growth in planta during the early stage of infection. Molecular investigations showed that seed inoculation of Bp, leading to a restricted presence in the root system, transiently primed PR1 expression after challenge with Pst but continuously primed PDF1.2 expression. Bacterization with Bp reduced Y(ND) but had no impact on PSII activity or RuBisCO accumulation. Pst infection caused an increase of Y(NA) and a decrease in ΦPSI, ETRI and in PSII activity, showed by a decrease in Fv/Fm, Y(NPQ), ΦPSII, and ETRII values. Inoculation with both bacteria did not display any variation in photosynthetic activity compared to plants inoculated with only Pst. Our findings indicated that the role of Bp here is not multifaceted, and relies only on priming of defense mechanisms but not on improving photosynthetic activity.
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Abbreviations
- ABA:
-
Abscisic acid
- Bp:
-
Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN
- ET:
-
Ethylene
- ETRI:
-
Electron transport rate of PSI
- ETRII:
-
Electron transport rate of PSII
- F 0 :
-
Minimal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state
- F 0′ :
-
Minimal fluorescence yield of the light-adapted state
- F m :
-
Maximal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state
- F m′ :
-
Maximal fluorescence yield of the light-adapted state
- F v/F m :
-
Maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry
- JA:
-
Jasmonic acid
- MAMPs:
-
Microbe-associated molecular patterns
- PAMPs:
-
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PGPR:
-
Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria
- PS:
-
Photosystem
- Pst:
-
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000
- RbcL:
-
RuBisCO large subunit
- RbcS:
-
RuBisCO small subunit
- RuBisCO:
-
Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
- SA:
-
Salicylic acid
- YI:
-
Efficient quantum yield of PSI
- YII:
-
Efficient quantum yield of PSII
- Y(NA):
-
PSI acceptor side limitation
- Y(ND):
-
PSI donor side limitation
- Y(NO):
-
Quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation
- Y(NPQ):
-
Quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation
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This work was supported by a grant from the Europol’Agro program (VINEAL project) from the Region Champagne Ardenne, France.
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Su, F., Villaume, S., Rabenoelina, F. et al. Different Arabidopsis thaliana photosynthetic and defense responses to hemibiotrophic pathogen induced by local or distal inoculation of Burkholderia phytofirmans . Photosynth Res 134, 201–214 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-017-0435-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-017-0435-2