Abstract
Pillared bentonites were prepared by a simple intercalation method with iron oxide and iso-propoxide titanium to improve its adsorption of organic matter (OM) contained in industrial phosphoric acid 54 % P2O5. The solid structure of raw and modified bentonite were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and transmission electronic microscopy. The effects of contact time, temperature, and the adsorbent dose were investigated. The surface area was measured via the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller isotherm. Experimental results showed that the maximum amounts of OM loaded on raw bentonite, Fe–B, and Ti–B were 55, 83.5, and 73 %, respectively. The adsorption of OM contained in industrial phosphoric acid could reach equilibrium after 90 min. The experimental data were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. The experimental adsorption isotherm complies with Langmuir equation model (R 2 = 0.99). The kinetic study showed that the OM adsorption is rapid and it complies with the pseudo second-order kinetic for raw and pillared bentonite, reflecting a relative affinity between pillared bentonite and OM and suggesting the occurrence of chemisorption.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A.A. Hanna, A.F. Ali, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 55, 205 (1992)
M. Baudu, G. Guibaud, D. Raveau, P. Lafrance, Water Qual. Res. J. 36, 631 (2001)
A.A. El-Asmya, M.H. Serag, A.M. Mahdyb, I.M. Amin, Sep. Purif. Technol. 42, 287 (2008)
A. Mellah, S. Chegrouche, L. Setti, Int. J. Process. 41, 295 (1994)
A. Hannachi, D. Habaili, C. Chtara, A. Ratel, Sep. Purif. Technol. 55, 212 (2007)
C. Koopman, G.J. Witkamp, Sep. Sci. Technol. 34, 1273 (2002)
A. Silem, A. Boualia, A. Mellah, R. Kada, Can. J. Chem. Eng. 70, 491 (1992)
A. Elyahyaoui, S. Bouhlassa, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 35, 921 (2001)
N.S. Awwad, A.A.M. Daifullah, S.A. El-Reefy, Chem. Eng. J. 81, 76 (2000)
A. Bendada, A.H. Meniai, L.M. Bencheik, Chem. Eng. Technol. 24, 1273 (2001)
A.M. Daifullah, B.S. Girgis, H.M.H. Gad, Colloids Surf. 1, 235 (2004)
C. Min-Yun, J. Ruey-Shin, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 18, 278 (2004)
N. Dammak, N. Fakhfakh, S. Fourmentin, M. Benzina, J. Env, Chem. Eng. 1, 667 (2013)
B. Omar, H. Mohamed, H. Khalaf, Environ. Technol. 22, 69 (2000)
H. Zaitan, D. Bianchi, O. Achak, T. Chafik, J. Hazard. Mater. 42, 852 (2008)
J.Q. Jiang, C. Cooper, S. Ouki, Chemosphere 47, 711 (2002)
P. Bankovi, A. Milutinovi, N. Nikoli, J. Jovi–Jovi, Z. Dostani, D. Cupi, D. Lon·carevi, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A. 4, 115 (2009)
R.C. Zielke, T.J. Pinnavaia, Clay Clay Miner. 36, 403 (1988)
A. Mellah, A. Silem, R. Kada, A. Boualia, Can. J. Appl. Spectrosc. 36, 94 (1991)
H. Wiem, C. Chaker, B. Mourad, J. Chem. 2013, 9 (2013) Article ID 218786. doi:10.1155/2013/218786
I. Fatimah, S. Wang, C. Narsito, W. Karna, Appl. Clay Sci. 50, 588 (2010)
M.J. Martınez-Ortiz, G. Fetter, J.M. Domınguez, J.A. Melo-Banda, R. Ramos-Gomez, Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 58, 73 (2003)
B. Omar, H. Mohamad, H. Khalaf, Environ. Technol. 22, 69 (2001)
B. Mourad, A. Bellagi, Minéralogie des argiles, 2ème édition (Masson, Paris, 1982)
M. Eloussaief, W. Hamza, N. Kallel, M. Benzina, Environ Progress DOI10.1002/ep.11609. (2012a)
I. Jarraya, S. Fourmentin, M. Benzina, S. Bouaziz, Chem. Geol. 275, 1 (2010)
M. Elk, W.H. Cheung, M. Valix, G. McKay, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 347, 290 (2010)
R.K. Rajoriya, B. Prasad, I.M. Mishra, K.L. Wasewar, Chem. Biochem. Eng. 21, 219 (2007)
B. Khoualdia, M. Loungou, E. Elaloui, J. Arab. 1, 14 (2013)
H. Omri, N. Harrouch Batis, Chem. Sci. Trans. 2, 357 (2013)
K.G. Bhattacharya, A. Sarma, J. Environ. Manag. 71, 217 (2004)
J. Schmltt, Z. Chen, L. iang, J.F.M. Carthy, Environ. Sci. Technol. 28, 38 (1994)
M.M. Mortland, S. Shaobai, S.A. Boyd, Clays Clay Miner. 34, 581 (1986)
D. Danae, Ch. Leodopoulos, K. Gimouhopoulos, F. Rigas, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 340, 131 (2009)
M.J.D. Low, Chem. Rev. 60, 267 (1960)
M.B. McBride, Environmental Chemistry of Soils (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1994)
P.W. Schindler, W. Stumm, in Aquatic Surface Chemistry, ed. by W. Stumm (Wiley, New York, 1987)
G. Abate, J.C. Masini, Colloid Surf. 226, 25 (2003)
E.M. Murphy, J.M. Zachara, Geoderma 67, 103 (1995)
G. Sposito, The Chemistry of Soils (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989)
A. Liu, R.D. Gonzalez, J. Colloids Interface Sci. 218, 225 (1999)
G. Abate, J.C. Masini, Coll. Surf. 226, 25 (2003)
P. Xianjia, L. Zhaokun, C. Futai, T. Binghui, J. Zhiping, Desalination 174, 135 (2005)
C. Richard, J. Thomas, Clays Clay Miner. 36, 403 (1988)
R. Kummert, W.J. Stumm, Colloid Interface Sci. 75, 373 (1980)
R. Mokaya, W. Jones, M.E. Davis, M.E. Whittle, I. Muter, Chemistry 3, 387 (1993)
A. Dyer, T. Gallardo, P.A. Williams, M.J. Hudson (eds.), Recent Developments in Ion Exchange (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990), pp. 75–84
D.W. Breck, Zeolite Molecular Sieves: Structure Chemistry and Use (Wiley, New York, 1974)
A. Molinard, A. Clearfieldb, H.Y. Zhu, E.F. Vansanta, Microporous Mater. 3, 109 (1994)
A.W. Marczewski, Langmuir 26, 15229 (2010)
S.J. Allen, Q. Gan, R. Matthews, P. Johnson, Bioresour. Technol. 88, 143 (2003)
O. Hocine, M. Boufatit, A. Khouider, Desalination 41, 167 (2004)
Z. rawajfih, N. Nsour, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2, 298 (2006)
E. Bulut, M. Ozacar, Ayhan Sengil I Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 115, 234 (2008)
R. Zahir, N. Najwa, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 298, 39 (2006)
D.L. Zhao, S.J. Feng, C.L. Chen, S.H. Chen, D. Xub, X.K. Wang, Appl. Clay Sci. 41, 17 (2008)
Y. Nuhoglu, E. Oguz, Proc. Biochem. 1627, 38 (2003)
N. Dammak, N. Fakhfakh, S. Fourmentin, M. Benzina, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 1, 667 (2013)
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the Tunisian Chemical Group (GCT), research center of Sfax. Thanks are extended to Mr. Brahim Ben Letaief, Technician in Laboratory of Atomic Absorption, ENIS-Sfax for facilitating the analysis of samples using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). We extend our thanks to Mr. Nidhal Baccar, Technician in University of Sfax-Tunisia for his help and Miss Amina Zineeddine, Technician in industrial chemical laboratory (II), ENIS-Sfax for RX analysis provided.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hamza, W., Chtara, C. & Benzina, M. Characterization and application of Fe and iso-Ti-pillared bentonite on retention of organic matter contained in wet industrial phosphoric acid (54 %): kinetic study. Res Chem Intermed 41, 6117–6140 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-014-1726-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-014-1726-2