Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Spiritual Capital in Communities of Color: Religion and Spirituality as Sources of Community Cultural Wealth

  • Published:
The Urban Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, we seek to advance theoretical understanding of how religion, spirituality, and spiritual capital serve as key sources for community cultural wealth (Yosso in Race Ethn Educ 8(1):69–91, 2005), influencing educational opportunity for many students of color. We synthesize existing research to show how religion and spirituality are key sources of the six forms of community cultural wealth originally identified by Yosso, and also function as a seventh form of CCW, “spiritual capital” (Pérez Huber in Harv Educ Rev 79(4):704–730, 2009). We conclude by commenting on the limitations of existing studies, as well as suggestions for future research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abo-Zena, M. M., & Barry, C. M. (2013). Religion and immigrant-origin youth: A resource and a challenge. Research in Human Development,10(4), 353–371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali, A. I. (2014). A threat enfleshed: Muslim college students situate their identities amidst portrayals of Muslim violence and terror. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education,27(10), 1243–1261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali, A. I. (2016). Citizens under suspicion: Responsive research with community under surveillance. Anthropology & Education Quarterly,47(1), 78–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alim, H. S. (2006). Roc the mic right: The language of hip hop culture. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, Q. (2013). “They think minority means lesser than”: Black middle-class sons and fathers resisting microaggressions in the school. Urban Education,48(2), 171–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alva, S. A. (1991). Academic invulnerability among Mexican–American students: The importance of protective resources and appraisals. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences,13(1), 18–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Astin, A. W., Astin, H. S., & Lindholm, J. A. (2010). Cultivating the spirit: How college can enhance students’ inner lives. San Francisco: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Auerbach, S. (2007). From moral supporters to struggling advocates: Reconceptualizing parent roles in education through the experience of working-class families of color. Urban Education,42(3), 250–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bankston, C. L., & Zhou, M. (1995). Religious participation, ethnic identification, and adaptation of Vietnamese adolescents in an immigrant community. The Sociological Quarterly,36(3), 523–534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bankston, C. L., & Zhou, M. (2000). De facto congregationalism and socioeconomic mobility in Laotian and Vietnamese immigrant communities: A study of religious institutions and economic change. Review of Religious Research,41(4), 453–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barazangi, N. H. (1996). Parents and youth: Perceiving and practicing Islam in North America. In B. C. Aswad & B. Bilge (Eds.), Family and gender among American Muslims: Issues facing Middle Eastern immigrants and their descendents (pp. 129–142). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber, K. H. (2011). “What happened to all the protests?” Black megachurches’ responses to racism in a colorblind era. Journal of African American Studies,15(2), 218–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, S. L. (2010). Black megachurch culture: Models for education and empowerment. New York: Peter Lang Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, S. L., & Wimberly, A. S. (2016). Empowering Black youth of promise: Education and socialization in the village-minded Black church. New York: Routledge Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, B. (2010). Religion and habitus: Exploring the relationship between religious involvement and educational outcomes and orientations among urban African American students. Urban Education,45(4), 448–479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barry, C. M., Nelson, L., Davarya, S., & Urry, S. (2010). Religiosity and spirituality during the transition to adulthood. International Journal of Behavioral Development,34(4), 311–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basit, T. N. (2012). ‘My parents have stressed that since I was a kid’: Young minority ethnic British citizens and the phenomenon of aspirational capital. Education, Citizenship and Social Justice,7(2), 129–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P., & Passeron, J. C. (1977). Reproduction in education, culture and society. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brimhall-Vargas, M. (2011). Seeking personal meaning in new places: The lived experience of religious conversion (Order No. 3461496). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global (880294141). Retrieved January 10, 2018 from https://search.proquest.com/docview/880294141?accountid=14696.

  • Brown, D. R., & Gary, L. E. (1991). Religious socialization and educational attainment among African Americans: An empirical assessment. The Journal of Negro Education,60(3), 411–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant Rockenbach, A. N., & Mayhew, M. J. (Eds.). (2013). Spirituality in college students’ lives: Translating research into practice. New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burciaga, R., & Erbstein, N. (2010). Challenging assumptions, revealing community cultural wealth: Young adult wisdom on hope in hardship. Healthy youth. Healthy Regions Working Paper, Center for Regional Change, UC Davis.

  • Buriel, R., Perez, W., DeMent, T. L., Chavez, D. V., & Moran, V. R. (1998). The relationship of language brokering to academic performance, biculturalism, and self-efficacy among Latino adolescents. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences,20(3), 283–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, S. K., Evans, M. P., Brooks, M., Williams, C. R., & Bailey, D. F. (2013). Mentoring African American men during their postsecondary and graduate school experiences: Implications for the counseling profession. Journal of Counseling & Development,91(4), 419–427.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ceglie, R. (2013). Religion as a support factor for women of color pursuing science degrees: Implications for science teacher educators. Journal of Science Teacher Education,24, 37–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cervantes-Soon, C. G. (2012). Testimonios of life and learning in the borderlands: Subaltern Juárez girls speak. Equity & Excellence in Education,45(3), 373–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chaves, M., & Anderson, S. L. (2014). Changing American congregations: Findings from the third wave of the National Congregations Study. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion,53(4), 676–686.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cole, D., & Ahmadi, S. (2010). Reconsidering campus diversity: An examination of Muslim students’ experiences. Journal of Higher Education,81(2), 121–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology,94, 95–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. S., & Hoffer, T. (1987). Public and private schools. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Constantine, M. G., Miville, M. L., Warren, A. K., Gainor, K. A., & Lewis-Coles, M. A. E. (2006). Religion, spirituality, and career development in African American college students: A qualitative inquiry. The Career Development Quarterly,54(3), 227–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dancy, T. E. (2010). Faith in the unseen: The intersection(s) of spirituality and identity among African American males in college. The Journal of Negro Education,79(3), 416–432.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniel, J. L., & Smitherman, G. (1976). How I got over: Communication dynamics in the Black community. Quarterly Journal of Speech,62(1), 26–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delgado Bernal, D. (1998). Using a Chicana feminist epistemology in educational research. Harvard Educational Review,68(4), 555–583.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delgado Bernal, D. (2001). Learning and living pedagogies of the home: The mestiza consciousness of Chicana students. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education,14(5), 623–639.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delgado-Gaitan, C. (2001). The power of community: Mobilizing for family and schooling. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deloria, V. (1969). Custer died for your sins: An Indian manifesto. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dika, S. L., & Singh, K. (2002). Applications of social capital in educational literature: A critical synthesis. Review of Educational Research,72(1), 31–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drywater-Whitekiller, V. (2010). Cultural resilience: Voices of Native American students in college retention. The Canadian Journal of Native Studies,30(1), 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ek, L. D. (2008). Language and literacy in the Pentecostal church and the public high school: A case study of a Mexican ESL student. The High School Journal,92(2), 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elenes, C. (2013). Nepantla, spiritual activism, new tribalism: Chicana feminist transformative pedagogies and social justice education. Journal of Latino/Latin American Studies,5(3), 132–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellison, C. G., & George, L. K. (1994). Religious involvement, social ties, and social support in a southeastern community. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion,33(1), 46–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Espino, M. M. (2014). Exploring the role of community cultural wealth in graduate school access and persistence for Mexican American PhDs. American Journal of Education,120(4), 545–574.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Espinosa, G. (2007). “Today we act, tomorrow we vote”: Latino religions, politics, and activism in contemporary US civil society. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,612(1), 152–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foley, D. E. (1997). Deficit thinking models based on culture: The anthropological protest. In R. Valencia (Ed.), The evolution of deficit thinking: Educational thought and practice (pp. 113–131). London: The Falmer Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster, M. (1995). Talking that talk: The language of control, curriculum, and critique. Linguistics and Education,7(2), 129–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frey, W. H. (2011). Melting pot cities and suburbs: Racial and ethnic change in metro America in the 2000s. Washington: Brookings Institution, Metropolitan Policy Program.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gándara, P. (1982). Passing through the eye of the needle: High-achieving Chicanas. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences,4(2), 167–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gándara, P. C. (1995). Over the ivy walls: The educational mobility of low-income Chicanos. Albany: SUNY Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, S. K., & Holley, K. A. (2011). “Those invisible barriers are real”: The progression of first-generation students through doctoral education. Equity & Excellence in Education,44(1), 77–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghaffar-Kucher, A. (2012). The religification of Pakistani-American youth. American Educational Research Journal,49(1), 30–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goddard, R. D. (2003). Relational networks, social trust, and norms: A social capital perspective on students’ chances of academic success. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis,25(1), 59–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gómez-Quiñones, J. (1973). The first steps: Chicano labor conflict and organizing 1900–1920. Aztlan,3(1), 13–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gómez-Quiñones, J. (1994). Roots of Chicano politics, 1600–1940. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutman, H. G. (1976). Black family in slavery and freedom, 1750–1925. New York: Pantheon Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haddad, Y. Y. (1994). Maintaining the faith of the fathers: Dilemmas of religious identity in the Christian and Muslim Arab-American communities. In E. N. McCarus (Ed.), The development of Arab-American identity (pp. 61–84). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harper, S. R., Smith, J. E., & Davis, C. H. F., III. (2016). A critical race case analysis of Black undergraduate student success at an urban university. Urban Education,52(1), 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herndon, M. K. (2003). Expressions of spirituality among African-American college males. The Journal of Men’s Studies,12(1), 75–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Israel, G. D., Beaulieu, L. J., & Hartless, G. (2001). The influence of family and community social capital on educational achievement. Rural Sociology,66(1), 43–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, A. P., Smith, S. A., & Hill, C. L. (2003). Academic persistence among Native American college students. Journal of College Student Development,44(4), 548–565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jett, C. (2010). “Many are called, but few are chosen”: The role of spirituality and religion in the educational outcomes of “chosen” African American male mathematics majors. The Journal of Negro Education,79(3), 324–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeynes, W. H. (1999). The effects of religious commitment on the academic achievement of Black and Hispanic children. Urban Education,34(4), 458–479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, D. H., & Wilson, C. M. (2015). Supporting African American student success through prophetic activism: New possibilities for public school–church partnerships. Urban Education,52(1), 91–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi, K. Y. (2006). The racialization of Hinduism, Islam, and Sikhism in the United States. Equity & Excellence in Education,39(3), 211–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiang, P. (2002). Stories and structures of persistence: Ethnographic learning through practice and research in Asian American Studies. In Y. Zhou & E. T. Trueba (Eds.), Ethnography and schools: Qualitative approaches to the study of education (pp. 223–255). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiyama, J. M. (2011). Family lessons and funds of knowledge: College-going paths in Mexican American families. Journal of Latinos and Education,10(1), 23–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C. D. (2006). ‘Every good-bye ain’t gone’: Analyzing the cultural underpinnings of classroom talk. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education,19(3), 305–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lew, J. (2007). A structural analysis of success and failure of Asian Americans: A case of Korean Americans in urban schools. The Teachers College Record,109(2), 369–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, J., Oxford, R., & Culham, T. (2016). The urgent need to develop a spiritual research paradigm. In J. Lin, R. Oxford, & T. Culham (Eds.), Toward a spiritual research paradigm: Exploring new ways of knowing, researching and being (pp. ix–xix). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liou, D. D., Antrop-Gonzalez, R., & Cooper, R. (2009). Unveiling the promise of community cultural wealth to sustaining Latina/o students’ college-going information networks. Educational Studies,45(6), 534–555.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCray, C. R., Grant, C. M., & Beachum, F. D. (2010). Pedagogy of self-development: The role the Black church can have on African American students. The Journal of Negro Education,79(3), 233–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGuire, K. M. (2018). Religion’s afterlife: The non-institutional residuals of religion in Black college students’ lived experiences. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 11(3), 309–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGuire, K. M., Casanova, S., & Davis, C. H. F., III. (2016). “I’m a Black female who happens to be Muslim”: Exploring the multiple marginalities of a Black immigrant Muslim woman attending a predominantly White institution. Journal of Negro Education,85(3), 316–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Min, P. G. (1992). The structure and social functions of Korean immigrant churches in the United States. International Migration Review,26(4), 1370–1394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Min, P. G., & Kim, D. Y. (2005). Intergenerational transmission of religion and culture: Korean Protestants in the US. Sociology of Religion,66(3), 263–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moll, L. C., Amanti, C., Neff, D., & González, N. (1992). Funds of knowledge for teaching: A qualitative approach to connect households and classrooms. Theory into Practice,31(2), 132–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mooney, M. (2009). Faith makes us live: Surviving and thriving in the Haitian diaspora. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mooney, M. A., & Manglos-Weber, N. D. (2014). Prayer and liturgy as constitutive-ends practices in Black immigrant communities. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour,44(4), 459–480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, S. E., Robinson, M. A., Adedoyin, A. C., Brooks, M., Harmon, D. K., & Boamah, D. (2016). Hands up—Don’t shoot: Police shooting of young Black males: Implications for social work and human services. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment,26(3–4), 254–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, J. E. (1999). A pillar of strength an African American school’s communal bonds with families and community since Brown. Urban Education,33(5), 584–605.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muller, C., & Ellison, C. G. (2001). Religious involvement, social capital, and adolescents’ academic progress: Evidence from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988. Sociological Focus,34(2), 155–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murjani, M. (2014). Breaking apart the model minority and perpetual foreigner stereotypes: Asian Americans and cultural capital. The Vermont Connection,35(1), 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noll, M. A. (2015). The civil war as a theological crisis. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oh, S., & Yoshikawa, H. (2012). Examining social capital and acculturation across ecological systems. In C. García Coll (Ed.), The impact of immigration on children’s development (pp. 77–98). New York, NY: Karger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orellana, M. F., Dorner, L., & Pulido, L. (2003a). Accessing assets: Immigrant youth’s work as family translators or “para-phrasers”. Social Problems,50(4), 505–524.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orellana, M. F., Reynolds, J., Dorner, L., & Meza, M. (2003b). In other words: Translating or “para-phrasing” as a family literacy practice in immigrant households. Reading Research Quarterly,38(1), 12–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park, J. J. (2012). It takes a village (or an ethnic economy) the varying roles of socioeconomic status, religion, and social capital in SAT preparation for Chinese and Korean American students. American Educational Research Journal,49(4), 624–650.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park, J. J. (2013). When diversity drops: Race, religion, and affirmative action in higher education. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, J. J., & Sharma, G. (2016). Religion and social capital: Examining the roles of religious affiliation and salience on parental network closure. Religion & Education,43(2), 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pattillo-McCoy, M. (1998). Church culture as a strategy of action in the Black community. American Sociological Review,63(6), 767–784.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patton, L. D., & McClure, M. L. (2009). Strength in the spirit: A qualitative examination of African American college women and the role of spirituality during college. The Journal of Negro Education,78(1), 42–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, L., & Denton, M. L. (2011). A faith of their own: Stability and change in the religiosity of America’s adolescents. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Peele-Eady, T. B. (2011). Constructing membership identity through language and social interaction: The case of African American children at Faith Missionary Baptist Church. Anthropology & Education Quarterly,42(1), 54–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez Huber, L. (2009). Challenging racist nativist framing: Acknowledging the community cultural wealth of undocumented Chicana college students to reframe the immigration debate. Harvard Educational Review,79(4), 704–730.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez Huber, L. P., & Cueva, B. M. (2012). Chicana/Latina testimonios on effects and responses to microaggressions. Equity & Excellence in Education,45(3), 392–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perry, S. L., & Whitehead, A. L. (2015). Christian nationalism and white racial boundaries: Examining whites’ opposition to interracial marriage. Ethnic and Racial Studies,38(10), 1671–1689.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pew Research Center. (2009). A religious portrait of African Americans. Washington, DC. http://www.pewforum.org/2009/01/30/a-religious-portrait-of-african-americans/. Accessed May 5, 2016.

  • Pew Research Center. (2014). The shifting religious identity of Latinos in the United States. Washington, DC. http://www.pewforum.org/2014/05/07/the-shifting-religious-identity-of-latinos-in-the-united-states/. Accessed May 5, 2016.

  • Pinn, A. (2002). The Black church in the post-civil rights era. New York: Orbis Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, R. D., & Campbell, D. E. (2012). American grace: How religion divides and unites us. New York: Simon and Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regnerus, M. D., & Elder, G. H. (2003). Staying on track in school: Religious influences in high-and low-risk settings. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion,42(4), 633–649.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sablan, J. (2015). No student is an island: College readiness on Guam (Unpublished doctoral dissertation), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.

  • Sanchez, E., Vargas, N., Burwell, R., Martinez, J. H., Peña, M., & Hernandez, E. I. (2016). Latino congregations and youth educational expectations. Sociology of Religion,77(2), 171–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sandoval-Lucero, E., Maes, J., & Klingsmith, L. (2014). African American and Latina (o) community college students’ social capital and student success. College Student Journal,48(3), 522–533.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seifert, T. (2007). Understanding Christian privilege: Managing the tensions of spiritual plurality. About Campus,12(2), 10–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shahjahan, R. A. (2010). Toward a spiritual praxis: The role of spirituality among faculty of color teaching for social justice. The Review of Higher Education,33(4), 473–512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solórzano, D. (1997). Images and words that wound: Critical race theory, racial stereotyping and teacher education. Teacher Education Quarterly,24, 5–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solórzano, D. (1998). Critical race theory, racial and gender microaggressions, and the experiences of Chicana and Chicano Scholars. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education,11, 121–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solórzano, D. G., & Villalpando, O. (1998). Critical race theory, marginality, and the experience of students of color in higher education. In C. Torres & T. Mitchell (Eds.), Emerging issues in the sociology of education: Comparative perspectives (pp. 211–224). New York: SUNY Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanton-Salazar, R. D. (2001). Manufacturing hope and despair: The school and kin support networks of US-Mexican youth. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, D. L. (2002). The role of faith in the development of an integrated identity: A qualitative study of Black students at a White college. Journal of College Student Development,43(4), 579.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strand, J. A., & Peacock, R. (2003). Resource guide: Cultural resilience. Tribal College,14(4), 28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straubhaar, R. (2013). North American adult literacy programs and Latin American immigrants: How critical pedagogy can help nonprofit literacy programming in the United States. Critical Studies in Education,54(2), 190–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strayhorn, T. (2011). Singing in a foreign land: An exploratory study of gospel choir participation among African American undergraduates at a predominantly White institution. Journal of College Student Development,52(2), 137–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suárez-Orozco, C., Singh, S., Abo-Zena, M. M., Du, D., & Roeser, R. (2012). The role of religion and worship communities in the positive development of immigrant youth. In A. E. Warren, R. M. Lerner, & E. Phelps (Eds.), Thriving and spirituality among youth: Research perspectives and future possibilities (pp. 255–287). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takaki, R. (2012). Strangers from a different shore: A history of Asian Americans (updated and revised ed.). Boston: Little, Brown and Company.

  • Valenzuela, A. (1999). Subtractive schooling: US-Mexican youth and the politics of caring. New York: SUNY Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vesely, C. K., Ewaida, M., & Kearney, K. B. (2013). Capitalizing on early childhood education: Low-income immigrant mothers’ use of early childhood education to build human, social, and navigational capital. Early Education & Development,24(5), 744–765.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, K. L., & Dixon, V. (2002). Spirituality and academic performance among African American college students. Journal of Black Psychology,28(2), 107–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warren, M. R. (2001). Dry bones rattling: Community building to revitalize American democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Warren, M. R., Thompson, J. P., & Saegert, S. (2001). The role of social capital in combating poverty. In S. Saegert, J. P. Thompson, & M. R. Warren (Eds.), Social capital and poor communities (pp. 1–28). New York: Russell Sage Foundation Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waterman, S. J. (2012). Home-going as a strategy for success among Haudenosaunee college and university students. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice,49(2), 193–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wellman, B. (1983). Network analysis: Some basic principles. Sociological Theory,1, 155–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winkle-Wagner, R., & McCoy, D. L. (2016). Entering the (postgraduate) field: Underrepresented students’ acquisition of cultural and social capital in graduate school preparation programs. The Journal of Higher Education,87(2), 178–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, J. L., & Hilton, A. A. (2012). Spirituality and academic success: Perceptions of African American males in the community college. Religion & Education,39(1), 28–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yeh, C. J., & Borrero, N. E. (2013). Social, ecological, and multicultural issues related to students’ spirituality. Counseling and Spirituality,31(2), 37–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeh, C. J., Borrero, N. E., & Shea, M. (2011). Spirituality as a cultural asset for culturally diverse youth in urban schools. Counseling & Values,55(2), 185–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yosso, T. J. (2005). Whose culture has capital? A critical race theory discussion of community cultural wealth. Race Ethnicity and Education,8(1), 69–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, M., & Bankston, C. (1998). Growing up American: How Vietnamese children adapt to life in the United States. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zohar, D. (2004). Spiritual capital: Wealth we can live by. San Francisco: BerrettKoehler Publishers Inc.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Julie J. Park.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Park, J.J., Dizon, J.P.M. & Malcolm, M. Spiritual Capital in Communities of Color: Religion and Spirituality as Sources of Community Cultural Wealth. Urban Rev 52, 127–150 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11256-019-00515-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11256-019-00515-4

Keywords

Navigation