Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play significant roles in the growth and development of herbaceous plants by regulating target genes; however, the significance of lncRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA) interactions needs to be investigated in perennial trees. Here, we combined transcript profiling and multi-single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association mapping to analyze the genetic variation and putative interactions of the lncRNA UDP-glucosyltransferase-related lncRNA (UGTRL) and its predicted target PtoUGT88A1 in a natural population of 435 unrelated Populus tomentosa individuals. We detected 41 and 67 common SNPs (minor allele frequency >0.05) in UGTRL and PtoUGT88A1, respectively, in the association population. Using additive and dominant association models, we identified 86 associations with 12 traits measuring tree growth, wood properties, and photosynthetic parameters. These associations represent 36 significant SNPs (P < 0.01) from UGTRL and its putative target and explained 0.06 to 7.28 % of the phenotypic variance, indicating that UGTRL and its putative target affect wood formation. An epistasis model uncovered 84 SNP-SNP association pairs representing 38.89 % of the significant SNPs in UGTRL and PtoUGT88A1 with information gain of −8.01 to 5.57 %, revealing the strong interactions between UGTRL and its putative target. Tissue-specific expression analysis in eight tissues, including xylem and cambium, showed that UGTRL and PtoUGT88A1 displayed similar expression patterns (r = 0.77), which implied the putative lncRNA-mRNA interaction and the potential roles of the lncRNA and its target in wood formation. Our study provides a novel method integrating association studies and expression profiling for functional annotation of lncRNAs and dissection of lncRNA-mRNA interactions in trees.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National “863” Plan Project (No. 2013AA102702), the State Key Basic Research Program of China (No. 2012CB114506), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. BLYJ201408).
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Sequence data from this article have been deposited with the GenBank Data Library under the accession nos. KR492527–KR492612.
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Communicated by P. Ingvarsson
Mingyang Quan and Jiaxing Tian contributed equally to this work.
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Table S1
The real-time PCR primers used in this study.(DOC 29 kb)
Table S2
Significant SNPs associated with all traits calculated by MLM in the association population of Populus tomentosa.(DOC 41 kb)
Table S3
Significant haplotypes from UGTRL and its putative target PtoUGT88A1 associated with growth, wood properties, and photosynthetic traits in the association population of Populus tomentosa.(DOC 50 kb)
Table S4
Additive effect of all significant SNPs from UGTRL and PtoUGT88A1 associated with each trait in the association population of Populus tomentosa.(DOC 142 kb)
Table S5
Dominant effect of all significant SNPs from UGTRL and PtoUGT88A1 associated with each trait in the association population of Populus tomentosa(DOC 113 kb)
Table S6
The additive, dominant and R 2 (phenotypic contributions) of significant SNPs associated with all the traits under both additive and dominant effects in the association population of Populus tomentosa.(DOC 157 kb)
Table S7
The SNP pairs and their main effects detected from UGTRL and PtoUGT88A1 under epistasis model in the association population of Populus tomentosa.(DOC 123 kb)
Fig. S1
Sequence complementarity of UGTRL and its putative target PtoUGT88A1.(DOC 82 kb)
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Quan, M., Tian, J., Yang, X. et al. Association studies reveal the effect of genetic variation in lncRNA UGTRL and its putative target PtoUGT88A1 on wood formation in Populus tomentosa . Tree Genetics & Genomes 12, 8 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-015-0967-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-015-0967-6