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Metal oxide-coated anodes in wastewater treatment

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Abstract

Electrochemical oxidation is an effective wastewater treatment method. Metal oxide-coated substrates are commonly used as anodes in this process. This article compiles the developments in the fabrication, application, and performance of metal oxide anodes in wastewater treatment. It summarizes the preparative methods and mechanism of oxidation of organics on the metal oxide anodes. The discussion is focused on the application of SnO2, PbO2, IrO2, and RuO2 metal oxide anodes and their effectiveness in wastewater treatment process.

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Abbreviations

AO7:

Azo dye acid orange 7

AOX:

Adsorbable organohalogens

ALD:

Atomic layer deposition

BDD:

Boron-doped diamond

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

DCP:

Dichlorophenol

DSA:

Dimensionally stable anode

OA:

Oxalic acid

OER:

Oxygen evolution reaction

PFBA:

Perfluorobutanoic acid

PFCA:

Perfluorocarboxylic acid

PFDA:

Perfluorodecanoic acid

PFHpA:

Perfluoroheptanoic acid

PFHxA:

Perfluorohexanoic acid

PFPA:

Perfluoropentanoic acid

PFNA:

Perfluorononanoic acid

PFOA:

Perfluorooctanoic acid

RB-4:

Reactive Blue 4

RO-16:

Reactive Orange 16

SCE:

Standard calomel electrode

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

TOC:

Total organic content

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Department of Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta for their support.

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  1. Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, 577451, Karnataka, India

    Anantha N. Subba Rao & Venkatesha T. Venkatarangaiah

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Correspondence to Venkatesha T. Venkatarangaiah.

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Subba Rao, A.N., Venkatarangaiah, V.T. Metal oxide-coated anodes in wastewater treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 3197–3217 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2313-6

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