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Correlation studies on nitrogen for sunflower crop across the agroclimatic variability

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Abstract

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is an important yield limiting factor for sunflower production. The correlation between yield components and growth parameters of three sunflower hybrids (Hysun-33, Hysun-38, Pioneer-64A93) were studied with five N rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 kg ha−1) at three different experimental sites during the two consecutive growing seasons 2008 and 2009. The results revealed that total dry matter (TDM) production and grain yield were positively and linearly associated with leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), and crop growth rate (CGR) at all three sites of the experiments. The significant association of yield with growth components indicated that the humid climate was most suitable for sunflower production. Furthermore, the association of these components can be successfully used to predict the grain yield under diverse climatic conditions. The application of N at increased rate of 180 kg ha−1 resulted in maximum yield as compared to standard rate (120 kg ha−1) at all the experimental sites. In this way, N application rate was significantly correlated with growth and development of sunflower under a variety of climatic conditions. Keeping in view such relationship, the N dose can be optimized for sunflower crop in a particular region to maximize the productivity. Multilocation trails help to predict the input rates precisely while taking climatic variations into account also. In the long run, results of this study provides basis for sustainable sunflower production under changing climate.

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Acknowledgments

The first author is grateful to the Government of France (Embassy of France in Pakistan) and Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for providing financial support (Project No. 833712H, 2014–2015) to International Center for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM), Institute Agronomique Mediterraneen de Montpellier (IAMM), France. High appreciations for the support provided by the staff of CIHEAM-IAMM (especially Madam Marie Helene BESSIERE) and staff from Campus France (especially Mr. SAADOUN Farid) during the visit by the first author.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan

    Wajid Nasim, Hafiz Mohkum Hammad, Muhammad Mubeen & Muhammad Nadeem

  2. CIHEAM-IAMM, 3191 Route de Mende, Montpellier, France

    Wajid Nasim & Hatem Belhouchette

  3. Agronomy Section, Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI), Multan, Pakistan

    Muhammad Tariq

  4. College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China

    Shah Fahad

  5. Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis & Hassan Javed Chaudhary

  6. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Imran Khan, Fahd Rasul & Ali Ahsan Bajwa

  7. Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Faisal Mahmood

  8. Department of Chemical Engineering, CIIT, Lahore, Pakistan

    Tauqeer Abbas

  9. PETRONAS Ionic Liquid Center, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Tronoh, Malaysia

    Tauqeer Abbas

  10. Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA

    Fahd Rasul

  11. Boreal Ecosystem Research Initiatives, Grenfell Campus Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada

    Muhammad Nadeem

  12. Department of Plant and Food Sciences, The Universityof Sydney, Sydney, Australia

    Najeeb Ullah

  13. Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology,Environment & Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Fahad Alghabari

  14. Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China

    Shah Saud

  15. Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Hunan, China

    Hussani Mubarak

  16. Department of Soil Science, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Rafiq Ahmad

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  1. Wajid Nasim
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  2. Hatem Belhouchette
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  3. Muhammad Tariq
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  7. Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis
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  8. Hassan Javed Chaudhary
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  9. Imran Khan
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  11. Tauqeer Abbas
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  16. Fahad Alghabari
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  17. Shah Saud
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  18. Hussani Mubarak
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  19. Rafiq Ahmad
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Correspondence to Shah Fahad.

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Nasim, W., Belhouchette, H., Tariq, M. et al. Correlation studies on nitrogen for sunflower crop across the agroclimatic variability. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 3658–3670 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5613-1

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