Skip to main content
Log in

Mapping the field of family business research: past trends and future directions

  • Published:
International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Receiving increasing attention over the past decade by scholars worldwide, family business research has developed in diverse directions. Due to the numerous challenges family businesses face in their development and continuation, research has generated a wide ranging spectrum of the subjects explored within it and a large body of knowledge as a result. Based on the results of the by far largest bibliometric analyses in the field, this paper elaborates and clarifies the fragmented state of family business research. By analyzing virtually all existing family business-related writings, the most influential publications are highlighted, and changes in citation patterns before and after the year 2000 are discussed. Here, five topical clusters are identified which reflect the tracks family business research follows. With these clusters as a basis, the paper concludes by identifying avenues for future research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aguilera, R. V., & Jackson, G. (2003). The cross-national diversity of corporate governance: dimensions and determinants. Academy of Management Review, 28(3), 447–465.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alcorn, P. B. (1982). Success and survival in the family owned business. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aldrich, H., & Cliff, J. (2003). The pervasive effects of family on entrepreneurship: toward a family embeddedness perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(5), 573–597.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, R., & Reeb, D. (2003). Founding-family ownership and firm performance: evidence from the S&P 500. Journal of Finance, 58(3), 1301–1328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Astrachan, J. H., Klein, S. B., & Smyrnios, K. X. (2002). The F-PEC scale of family influence: a proposal for solving the family business definition problem. Family Business Review, 15(1), 45–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, L. B., & Hershon, S. A. (1976). Transferring power in the family business. Harvard Business Review, 54(4), 105–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, T., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2006). Are we family and are we treated as family? Nonfamily employees’ perceptions of justice in the family firm. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 30(6), 837–854.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baucells, M., Weber, M., & Welfens, F. (2011). Reference-point formation and updating. Management Science, 57(3), 506–519.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beckhard, R., & Dyer, W. G. (1983). Managing continuity in the family-owned business. Organizational Dynamics, 12(1), 5–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benavides-Velasco, C. A., Quintana-García, C., & Guzmán-Parra, V. F. (2013). Trends in family business research. Small Business Economics, 40(1), 41–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berrone, P., Cruz, C., & Gómez-Mejía, L. R. (2012). Socioemotional wealth in family firms: theoretical dimensions, assessment approaches, and agenda for future research. Family Business Review, 25(3), 258–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birley, S. (1986). Succession in the family firm: the inheritor’s view. Journal of Small Business Management, 24(3), 36–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bork, D. (1986). Family business, risky business. New York: AMACOM.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casillas, J. C., & Acedo, F. J. (2007). Evolution of the intellectual structure of family business literature: a bibliometric study of FBR. Family Business Review, 20(2), 141–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cennamo, C., Berrone, P., Cruz, C., & Gómez-Mejía, L. R. (2012). Socioemotional wealth and proactive stakeholder engagement: why family-controlled firms care more about their stakeholders. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 36(6), 1153–1173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., & Steier, L. P. (2003). An introduction to theories of family business. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(4), 441–448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., & Litz, R. A. (2004). Comparing the agency costs of family and non-family firms: conceptual issues and exploratory evidence. Entrepeneurship Theory and Practice, 28(4), 335–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., & Sharma, P. (2005). Trends and directions in the development of a strategic management theory of the family firm. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 29(5), 555–575.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2009). Priorities, resource stocks, and performance in family and nonfamily. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 33(3), 739–760.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chrisman, J. J., Kellermanns, F. W., Chan, K. C., & Liano, K. (2010). Intellectual foundations of current research in family business: an identification and review of 25 influential articles. Family Business Review, 23(1), 9–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., & Sharma, P. (1999). Defining family business by behavior. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 24, 19–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daily, C. M., & Dollinger, M. J. (1992). An empirical examination of ownership structure in family and professionally managed firms. Family Business Review, 5(2), 117–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Danco, L. A. (1975). Beyond survival: A business owner’s guide for success. Cleveland: The University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, P. S. (1983). Realizing the potential of the family business. Organisational Dynamics, 12(1), 47–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, J. H., Schoorman, F. D., & Donaldson, L. (1997). Toward a stewardship theory of management. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), 20–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Massis, A., Chua, J. H., & Chrisman, J. J. (2008). Factors preventing intra-family succession. Family Business Review, 21(2), 183–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Debicki, B. J. (2012). Socioemotional Wealth and Family Firm Internationalization: The moderating effect of environmental munificence (Vol. Doctoral Dissertation). Mississippi State: Mississippi State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Debicki, B. J., Matherne, C. F., Kellermanns, F. W., & Chrisman, J. J. (2009). An overview of the who, the where, the what and the why. Family Business Review, 22(2), 151–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donckels, R., & Fröhlich, E. (1991). Are family businesses really different? European experiences from STRATOS. Family Business Review, 4(2), 149–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donnelley, R. G. (1964). The family business. Harvard Business Review, 42(4), 93–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyer, W. G. (1986). Cultural change in family firms: Anticipating and managing business and family transitions. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyer, W. G. (1988). Culture and continuity in family firms. Family Business Review, 1(1), 37–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyer, W. G. (2003). The family: the missing variable in organizational research. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 27(4), 401–416.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyer, W. G., & Sánchez, M. (1998). Current state of family business theory and practice as reflected in family business review 1988–1997. Family Business Review, 11(4), 287–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eddleston, K.A., Walsh, H.C., Kellermanns, F.W., Floyd, S.W., E.M., I., Crittenden, V.L., et al. (2013). Planning for growth: life stage differences in family firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(5), 1177–1202.

  • Fama, E. F., & Jensen, M. C. (1983). Separation of ownership and control. Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2), 301–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gedajlovic, E., Carney, M., Chrisman, J. J., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2012). The adolescence of family firm research: taking stock and planning for the future. Journal of Management, 38(4), 1010–1037.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gersick, K., Davis, J., Hampton, M., & Lansberg, I. (1997). Generation to generation: Life cycles of the family business. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomez-Mejia, L. R., Nunez-Nickel, M., & Gutierrez, I. (2001). The role of family ties in agency contracts. Academy of Management Journal, 44(1), 81–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Haynes, K. T., Núñez-Nickel, M., Jacobson, K. J. L., & Moyano-Fuentes, H. (2007). Socioemotional wealth and business risk in family-controlled firms: evidence from Spanish Olive oil mills. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52(1), 106–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Makri, M., & Larraza-Kintana, M. (2010). Diversification decisions in family-controlled firms. Journal of Management Studies, 47(2), 223–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gundolf, K., & Filser, M. (2013). Management research and religion: a citation analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(1), 177–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Habbershon, T. G., & Williams, M. L. (1999). A resource-based framework for assessing the strategic advantages of family firms. Family Business Review, 12(1), 1–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Habbershon, T. G., Williams, M., & MacMillan, I. (2003). A unified systems perspective of family firm performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(4), 451–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Handler, W. C. (1989). Methodological issues and considerations in studying family businesses. Family Business Review, 2(3), 257–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Handler, W. C. (1990). Succession in family firms: a mutual role adjustment between entrepreneur and next generation family members. Entrepeneurship Theory and Practice, 15(1), 37–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Handler, W. C., & Kram, K. E. (1988). Succession in family firms: the problem of resistance. Family Business Review, 1(4), 361–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hollander, B. S., & Elman, N. S. (1988). Family-owned businesses: an emerging field of inquiry. Family Business Review, 1(2), 145–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, M., & Meckling, W. (1976). Theory of the firm: managerial behavior. Agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kellermanns, F. W., & Eddleston, K. A. (2004). Feuding families: when conflict does a family firm good. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 28(3), 209–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellermanns, F. W., & Eddleston, K. A. (2007). A family perspective on when conflict benefits family firm performance. Journal of Business Research, 60(10), 1048–1057.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kellermanns, F. W., Eddleston, K. A., & Zellweger, T. M. (2012). Extending the socioemotional wealth perspective: the dark side. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 36(6), 1175–1182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kepner, E. (1983). The family and the firm: a coevolutionary perspective. Organisational Dynamics, 12(1), 57–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kets de Vries, M. F. R. (1993). The dynamics of family controlled firms: the good and the bad news. Organizational Dynamics, 21(3), 59–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kraus, S., Filser, M., Götzen, T., & Harms, R. (2011a). Familienunternehmen: Zum State-of-the-Art der betriebswirtschaftlichen Forschung (family businesses: on the State-of-the-Art of business research). Betriebswirtschaftliche Forschung und Praxis, 63(6), 587–605.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraus, S., Fink, M., & Harms, R. (2011b). Family firm research: sketching a research field. International Journal of Entrepreneurship & Innovation Management, 13(1), 32–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kraus, S., Filser, M., O’Dwyer, M., & Shaw, E. (2013). Social entrepreneurship: an exploratory citation analysis. Review of Managerial Science, 1–18.

  • Kuhn, T. S. (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (1999). Corporate ownership around the world. Journal of Finance, 54(2), 471–517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lansberg, I. S. (1983). Managing human resources in family firms: the problem of institutional overlap. Organizational Dynamics, 12(1), 39–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lansberg, I. (1988). The Succession Conspiracy: Mapping Resistance to Succession Planning in First Generation Family Firms. Working Paper A 70. Yale: Yale School of Organization and Management.

  • Lansberg, I. (1999). Succeeding generations: Realizing the dream of families in business. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lansberg, I., & Astrachan, J. H. (1994). Influence of family relationships on succession planning and training: the importance of mediating factors. Family Business Review, 7(1), 39–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levinson, H. (1971). Conflicts that plague family business. Harvard Business Review, 49(3–4), 91–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litz, R. A. (1995). The family business: toward definitional clarity. Family Business Review, 8(2), 71–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madison, K., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2013). Is the spiritual bond bound by blood? An exploratory study of spiritual leadership in family firms. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 10(2), 159–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Memili, E., Zellweger, T. M., & Fang, H. C. (2013). The determinants of family owner-managers’ affective organiational commitment. Family Relations, 62(3), 443–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, E. J., & Rice, A. K. (1967). Systems of Organization. London: Tavistock.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, D., Breton-Miller, L., & Lester, R. H. (2011). Family and lone founder ownership and strategic behaviors: social contexts, identity, and institutional logics. Journal of Management Studies, 48(1), 1–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moed, H. F. (2005). Citation analysis in research evaluation. Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, M. H., Allen, J. A., Kuratko, D. F., & Brannon, D. (2010). Experiencing family business creation: differences betwen founders, non-family managers and founders of non-family firms. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 34(6), 1057–1084.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prévot, F., Branchet, B., Boissin, J.-P., Castagnos, J.-C., & Guieu, G. (2010). The Intellectual Structure of the Competence-Based Management Field: A Bibliometric Analysis. In R. Sanchez, A. Heene, & T. E. Zimmermann (Eds.), Research in competence-based management - a focused issue on identifying, building, and linking competences (Vol. 5, pp. 231–258). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenblatt, P. C., de Mik, L., Anderson, R. M., & Johnson, P. A. (1985). The family in business: Understanding and dealing with the challenges entrepreneurial families face. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulze, W. S., Lubatkin, M. H., Dino, R. N., & Buchholtz, A. K. (2001). Agency relationship in family firms: theory and evidence. Organization Science, 12(9), 99–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schulze, W. S., Lubatkin, M. H., & Dino, R. N. (2003). Toward a theory of agency and altruism in family firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(4), 473–490.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shanker, M. C., & Astrachan, J. H. (1996). Myths and realities: family businesses’ contribution to the US economy: a framework for assessing family business statistics. Family Business Review, 9(2), 107–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, P. (2004). An overview of the field of family business studies: current status and directions for the future. Family Business Review, 17(1), 1–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, P., & Irving, P. G. (2005). Four bases of family business successor commitment: antecedents and consequences. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 29(1), 13–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, P., Chrisman, J. J., & Chua, J. H. (1997). Strategic management of the family business: past research and future challenges. Family Business Review, 10(1), 1–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, P., Chrisman, J. J., Pablo, A. L., & Chua, J. H. (2001). Determinants of initial satisfaction with the succession process in family firms: a conceptual model. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 25(3), 17–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, P., Chrisman, J. J., & Chua, J. H. (2003). Predictors of satisfaction with the succession process in family firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(5), 667–687.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, P., Chrisman, J. J., & Gersick, K. (2012). Twenty five years of family business review: reflections on the past and perspectives for the future. Family Business Review, 25(1), 5–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sirmon, D., & Hitt, M. A. (2003). Managing resources: linking unique resources, management and wealth creation in family firms. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 27(4), 339–359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorenson, R. L. (1999). Conflict management strategies used in successful family businesses. Family Business Review, 12(4), 325–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, L. (2010). Emotions and family business creation: an extension and implications. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 34(6), 1085–1092.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, A., & Hitt, M. A. (2012). Why Can’t a family business be more like a nonfamily business?: Modes of professionalization in family firms. Family Business Review, 25(1), 33–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Essen, M., Carney, M., Gedajlovic, E., & Heugens, P. (2011). Do U.S. Publicaly-Listed Family Firms Differ? Does it Matter? A Meta-Analysis. In Academy of Management Best Papers Proceedings, San Antonio, Texas.

  • Villalonga, B., & Amit, R. (2006). How do family ownership, control and management affect firm value? Journal of Financial Economics, 80(2), 385–417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, J. (1987). Keeping the family business healthy: how to plan for continuing growth, profitability and family leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westhead, P., & Cowling, M. (1998). Family business research: the need for a methodological rethink. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 23(1), 31–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, M., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2011). What can family firm research learn from management and entrepreneurship? Journal of Family Business Strategy, 2(4), 187–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, A., Lumpkin, G. T., Brigham, K. H., & Sorenson, R. L. (2012). The landscape of family business outcomes: a summary and numerical taxonomy of dependent variables. Family Business Review, 25(1), 33–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yue, W., & Wilson, C. S. (2004). Measuring the citation impact of research journals in clinical neurology: a structural equation modelling analysis. Scientometrics, 90(3), 317–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zahra, S. A., & Sharma, P. (2004). Family business research: a strategic reflection. Family Business Review, 17(4), 331–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zellweger, T. M., Eddleston, K. A., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2010). Exploring the concept of familiness: introducing family firm identity. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 1(1), 54–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zellweger, T. M., Kellermanns, F. W., Chrisman, J. J., & Chua, J. H. (2012). Family control and family firm valuation by family CEOs: the importance of intentions for transgenerational control. Organization Science, 23(3), 851–868.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sascha Kraus.

Additional information

Funding for this project was provided by: “A Multilevel Dynamic Study on Successor Identity Construction among Family business’ Next Generation and Its Effects on Their Intention and Behavior Regarding Succession”, National Natural Science Grant by National Natural Science Foundation of China, granted in 2013 (Project No. 71302137).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Xi, J.(., Kraus, S., Filser, M. et al. Mapping the field of family business research: past trends and future directions. Int Entrep Manag J 11, 113–132 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0286-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0286-z

Keywords

Navigation