Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Virtual Reality Leisure Activities Experience on Elderly People

  • Published:
Applied Research in Quality of Life Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, we examine the behavioral intentions of the elderly, with regard to experiencing virtual reality leisure activities, and propose a new experience model with experience value as a mediating variable. We gathered 294 effective samples consisting of elderly people. Each elderly respondent experienced the activities for ten weeks. The results show that experience value is not only able to effectively predict behavioral intentions (including purchases and ongoing participation), but it is also a mediating variable in the relationship between experience quality and behavioral intentions. These findings fully confirm the importance of “giving consumers a satisfaction experience” advocated in the literature on the experience economy. The present study also shows that experience seeking and experience quality both have a significant positive relationship with experience value, and that experience value in turn influences behavioral intentions, providing empirical support for the conceptualization of virtual reality leisure activity for elderly people.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Athanassopoulos, A. D. (2000). Customer satisfaction cues to support market segmentation and explain switching behavior. Journal of Business Research, 47(3), 191–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Babin, B. J. (1998). Griffin M. The nature of satisfaction: an updated examination and analysis. Journal of Business Research, 41(2), 127–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 76–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, D. A., & Crompton, J. L. (2000). Quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(3), 785–804.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, J. K. L., & Baum, T. (2007). (2007). Motivation factors of ecotourists in ecolodge accommodation: the push and pull factor. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research., 12(4), 349–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, C. F. (2008). Investigating structural relationships between service quality, perceived value, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions for air passengers: evidence from Taiwan. Transportation Research Part A., 42(4), 709–717.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, C. F., & Chen, F. S. (2010). Experience quality, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intentions for heritage tourists. Tourism Management, 31, 29–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, E. A. (1979). Phenomenology of tourist types. Sociology, 13(1–2), 89–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, S. T., & Scott, D. (2004). Examining the mediating role of experience quality in a model of tourist experiences. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 16(1), 79–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, G. B., & Kwon, H. (2003). The theory of planned behaviour and intentions to attend a sport event. Sport Management Review., 6(2), 127–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darnell, A. C., & Johnson, P. S. (2001). Repeat visits to attractions: A preliminary economic analysis. Tourism Management, 22, 119–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farrow, S., & Reid, D. (2004). Stroke survivors perceptions of a leisure-based virtual reality program. Technology and Disability, 16(2), 69–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fornell, C. (1992). A national customer satisfaction barometer: the Swedish experience. Journal of Marketing, 55, 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gnoth, J. (1997). Tourism motivation and expectation formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(2), 283–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gobster, P. H. (2005). Recreation and leisure research from an active living perspective: taking a second look at urban trail use data. Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal., 27(5), 367–383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5th ed., ). NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holbrook, M. B. (1999). Consumer value. A framework for analysis and research. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Homburg, C., Nicole, K., & Wayne, D. H. (2005). Do satisfied customers really pay more? A study of the relationship between customer satisfaction and willingness to pay. Journal of Marketing, 69, 84–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, C. L., & Lu, H. P. (2004). Why do people play on-line games?an extended tam with social influences and flow experience. Information Management, 41, 53–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, S. L., Bland, A. D., & Kleiber, D. A. (2008). Leisure and stress-coping: Implications for therapeutic recreation practice. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 42(1), 9–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahng, S. K. (2008). Overall successful aging: Its factorial structure and predictive factors. Asian Social Work and Policy Review, 2, 61–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, C., & Lee, S. (2000). Understanding the Cultural Differences in Tourist Motivation between Anglo-American and Japanese Tourists. In K. S. Chon, T. Inagaki, & T. Ohashi (Eds.), Japanese Tourists: Socio-Economic, Marketing, and Psychological Analysis. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C., Lee, Y., & Lee, B. (2005). Korea’s destination image formed by the 2002 world cup. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(4), 839–858.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mowen, A. J., & Montoro-Rodriguez, J. (2006). Remove from marked records the role of leisure style in maintaining the health of older adults with arthritis. Journal of Leisure Research, 38(1), 20–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oh, H., Fiore, A. M., & Jeoung, M. (2007). Measuring experience economy concepts: tourism applications. Journal of Travel Research, 46(2), 119–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Otto, J. E., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (1996). The service experience in tourism. Tourism Management, 17(3), 165–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ouwehand, C., Ridder, D. T. D., & Bensing, J. M. (2007). A review of successful aging models: Proposing proactive coping as an important additional strategy. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(8), 873–884.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parasuraman, A. (1997). Reflections on gaining competitive advantage through customer value. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25(2), 154–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peter, J. P., & Olson, J. C. (1987). Consumer behavior: marketing strategy perspectives. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

  • Petrick, J. F. (2004). The roles of quality, values, and satisfaction in predicting cruise passengers’ behavioral intentions. Journal of Travel Research, 42(4), 397–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pine II, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1998). Welcome to the experience economy. Harvard Business Review, 76(4), 97–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pizam, A., Jeong, G. H., & Reichel, A. (2004). The relationship between risk-taking, sensation-seeking, and the tourist behavior of young adults: a cross-cultural study. Journal of Travel Research, 42(3), 251–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rejikumar, G., & Ravindran, D. (2012). An empirical study on service quality perceptions and continuance intention in mobile banking context in India. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce., 17(1), 2–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt, B. (1999). Experiential marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, 15(1–3), 53–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sparks, D. A., Coughlin, L. M., & Chase, D. M. (2011). Did too much Wii cause your patient’s injury? Journal of Family Practice, 60(7), 404–409.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tian-Cole, S., Crompto, J. L., & Willson, V. L. (2002). An empirical investigation of the relationships between service quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions among visitors to a wildlife refuge. Journal of Leisure Research, 34, 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tinsley, D. J., & Croskeys, C. E. (2002). Park usage, social milieu, and psychosocial benefits of park use reported by older urban park users from four ethnic groups. Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal., 24(2), 199–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Solinge, H., & Henkens, K. (2005). Couples' adjustment to retirement: a multi-actor panel study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B., 60(1), 11–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, M. A., Soiza, R. L., Jenkinson, A. M., & Stewart, A. (2010). Exercising with computers in later life-pilot and feasibility study of the acceptability of the Nintendo Wii Fit in community-dwelling fallers. BMC research notes., 3, 238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wollersheim, D., Merkes, M., Shields, N., Liamputtong, P., Wallis, L., Reynolds, F., & Koh, L. (2010). Physical and psychosocial effects of Wii video game use among older women. International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Society,, 8(2), 85–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, L., Lu, Y., Zhang, L., & Chau, P. Y. K. (2012). Assessing the effects of service quality and justice on customer satisfaction and the continuance intention of mobile value-added services: An empirical test of a multidimensional model. Decision Support Systems, 52(3), 645–656.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuckerman, M., Kuhlman, D., Joireman, J., Teta, P., & Kraft, M. (1993). A comparison of three structural models for personality: The Big Three, the Big Five, and the Alternative Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(4), 757–768.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the Editor and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive comments. The authors also appreciate the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan for supporting this research under grant number: MOST 104-2628-E-212-001-MY2.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Management, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan

    Mei-Yuan Jeng

  2. Department of Business Administration, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan

    Fan-Yun Pai

  3. Department of Leisure Recreation and Management, Da-Yeh University, No.168, University Rd., Dacun, Changhua, 51591, Taiwan

    Fan-Yun Pai & Tsu-Ming Yeh

Authors
  1. Mei-Yuan Jeng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fan-Yun Pai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tsu-Ming Yeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tsu-Ming Yeh.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Appendix

Appendix

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jeng, MY., Pai, FY. & Yeh, TM. The Virtual Reality Leisure Activities Experience on Elderly People. Applied Research Quality Life 12, 49–65 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-016-9452-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-016-9452-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation