Abstract
The analysis of solute clustering in atom probe tomography (APT) has almost exclusively relied on a simple algorithm based on the simple friend-of-friend analysis where a threshold distance or maximum separation defines whether atoms are part of a cluster or part of the matrix. This method is however limited to very specific microstructures and is very sensitive to parameter selection. To expand the range and applicability of current APT analysis tools, we introduce new quantitative data analysis methods based on density-based hierarchical clustering algorithms and relevant to solute clustering and segregation. We demonstrate the methods’ performance on the complex microstructure developing in a proton-irradiated Alloy 625, specifically focusing on the analyses of nanoscale Al clusters, Si clusters, and Si-decorated dislocation loops.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Gault B, Moody MP, Cairney JM, Ringer SP (2012) Atom Probe Microscopy. Springer, New York
C.A. Williams, J.M. Hyde, G.D.W. Smith, E.A. Marquis, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2011, vol 412, pp.100-105.
M.P. Moody, B. Gault, L.T. Stephenson, D. Haley, S.P. Ringer, Ultramicroscopy, 2009, vol. 109, pp. 815-824.
C. Oberdorfer, T. Withrow, L.J. Yu, K. Fisher, E.A. Marquis, W. Windl, Materials Characterization, 2018, vol. 146, pp.324-335.
E.A. Marquis, F. Vurpillot, Microscopy and microanalysis, 2008, vol. 14, pp. 561-570.
F. Vurpillot, A. Bostel, D. Blavette, Applied Physics Letters, 2000, vol. 76, pp. 3127-3129.
J.M. Hyde, C.A. English: in R.G.E. Lucas, L. Snead, M.A.J. Kirk, R.G. Elliman eds., MRS 2000 Fall Meeting Symp., Boston, MA, 2001, pp. 27–29.
L.T. Stephenson, M.P. Moody, P.V. Liddicoat, S.P. Ringer, Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2007, vol. 13, pp. 448-63.
D. Vaumousse, A. Cerezo, P.J. Warren, Ultramicroscopy, 2003, vol. 95, pp. 215-21.
Y. Dong, A. Etienne, A. Frolov, S. Fedotova, K. Fujii, K. Fukuya, C. Hatzoglou, E. Kuleshova, K. Lindgren, A. London, A. Lopez, S. Lozano-Perez, Y. Miyahara, Y. Nagai, K. Nishida, B. Radiguet, D.K. Schreiber, N. Soneda, M. Thuvander, T. Toyama, J. Wang, F. Sefta, P. Chou, E.A. Marquis, Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2019, vol. 25, pp. 356-366.
J. Zelenty, A. Dahl, J. Hyde, G.D. Smith, M.P. Moody, Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2017, vol. 23, pp. 269-278.
I. Ghamarian, E.A. Marquis, Ultramicroscopy, 2019, 200, pp. 28-38.
McInnes L, Healy J, Astels S (2017) J. Open Source Softw 2:205
L. McInnes, J. Healy, arXiv preprint, 2017, arXiv:1705.07321.
B.P. Kent, A. Rinaldo, T. Verstynen, arXiv preprint, 2013, arXiv:1307.8136.
F. Liu, R. Kirchheim, Scripta Materialia, 2004, vol. 51, pp. 521-525.
D. Raabe, M. Herbig, S. Sandlöbes, Y. Li, D. Tytko, M. Kuzmina, D. Ponge, P.P. Choi, Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 2014, vol. 18, pp. 253-261.
O.C. Hellman, J.A. Vandenbroucke, J. Rüsing, D. Isheim, D.N. Seidman, Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2000, vol. 6, pp. 437-444.
P. Felfer, B. Scherrer, J. Demeulemeester, W. Vandervorst, J.M. Cairney, Ultramicroscopy, 2015, vol. 159, pp. 438-444.
P.J. Felfer, B. Gault, G. Sha, L. Stephenson, S.P. Ringer, J.M. Cairney, Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2012, vol. 18, pp. 359-364.
H. Aboulfadl, J. Deges, P. Choi, D. Raabe, Acta Materialia, 2015, vol. 86, pp. 34-42.
K. Thompson, P.L. Flaitz, P. Ronsheim, D.J. Larson, T.F. Kelly, Science, 2007, vol. 317, pp. 1370–74.
D. Blavette, E. Cadel, A. Fraczkiewicz, A. Menand, Science, 1999, vol. 286, pp. 2317–19.
J. Wilde, A. Cerezo, G.D.W. Smith, Scripta Materialia, 2000, vol. 43, pp. 39-48.
P. Felfer, A. Ceguerra, S. Ringer, J. Cairney, Ultramicroscopy, 2013, vol. 132, pp. 100-106.
E.A. Marquis, 2019, https://github.com/emarq.
R.R. Curtin: Int. Conf. Similarity Search Appl., Springer, 2015, pp. 77–89.
R.R. Curtin, W.B. March, P. Ram, D.V. Anderson, A.G. Gray, C.L. Isbell Jr, arXiv preprint, 2013, arXiv:1304.4327.
W.B. March, P. Ram, A.G. Gray, Proc. 16th ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. Knowl. Discov. Data Min., ACM, 2010, pp. 603–12.
R. Sibson, The computer journal, 1973, vol. 16, pp. 30-34.
J. Cao, A. Tagliasacchi, M. Olson, H. Zhang, Z. Su, Shape Modeling International (SMI 2010), IEEE, vol. 2010, pp. 187-197.
B. Gault, F. Danoix, K. Hoummada, D. Mangelinck, H. Leitner, Ultramicroscopy, 2012, vol. 113, pp. 182-191.
R.C. Prim, The Bell System Technical Journal, 1957, vol. 36, pp. 1389-1401.
Y. Boykov, V. Kolmogorov, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis & Machine Intelligence pp. 1124–37.
Li-Jen Yu, E.A. Marquis, J. Nucl. Mater. (to be submitted).
A. Barbu, A. Ardell, Scripta Metallurgica, 1975, vol. 9, pp. 1233-1237.
V. Kuksenko, C. Pareige, P. Pareige, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2013, vol. 432, pp. 160-165.
Bachhav M, RobertOdette G, Marquis EA (2014) Scripta Materialia 74:48–51
R. Bajaj, W. Mills, M. Lebo, B. Hyatt, M. Burke, Westinghouse Electric Corp., West Mifflin, PA (United States), 1995.
P. Grobner, Metallurgical Transactions, 1973, vol. 4, pp. 251-260.
G.A. Young, J.D. Tucker, D.R. Eno, Proc. 16th Ann. Conf. Environ. Assist. Crack. Mater. Nucl. Power Syst.-Water React., 2013, pp. 1–22.
G.R. Odette, T. Yamamoto, D. Klingensmith, Philosophical Magazine, 2005, vol. 85, pp. 779-797.
E. Meslin, B. Radiguet, M. Loyer-Prost, Acta Materialia, 2013, vol. 61, pp. 6246-6254.
P.D. Styman, J.M. Hyde, K. Wilford, G.D.W. Smith, Ultramicroscopy, 2013, vol. 132, pp. 258-264.
T. Diaz de la Rubia, M.W. Guinan, Physical Review Letters, 1991, vol. 66, pp. 2766-2769.
R. Madec, B. Devincre, L.P. Kubin, Physical Review Letters, 2002, vol. 89, 255508.
S. Queyreau, G. Monnet, B. Devincre, Acta Materialia, 2010, vol. 58, pp. 5586-5595.
R. Madec, B. Devincre, L. Kubin, T. Hoc, D. Rodney, Science, 2003, vol. 301, pp. 1879–82.
B. Devincre, T. Hoc, L. Kubin, Science, 2008, vol. 320, pp. 1745–49.
Li W, Field KG, Morgan D (2018) Computational Materials 4:36
Jenkins ML, Kirk MA (2000) Characterisation of Radiation Damage by Transmission Electron Microscopy. CRC Press, Boca Raton
A. Bhattacharya, E. Meslin, J. Henry, C. Pareige, B. Décamps, C. Genevois, D. Brimbal, A. Barbu, Acta Materialia, 2014, vol. 78, pp. 394-403.
M.L. Jenkins, Z. Yao, M. Hernández-Mayoral, M.A. Kirk, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2009, vol. 389, pp. 197-202.
C.A. Williams, J.M. Hyde, G.D. Smith, E.A. Marquis, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2011, vol. 412, pp. 100-105.
A. Etienne, B. Radiguet, N.J. Cunningham, G.R. Odette, R. Valiev, P. Pareige, Ultramicroscopy, 2011, vol. 111, pp. 659-663.
M.K. Miller, Microscopy Research and Technique, 2006, vol. 69, pp. 359-365.
Y. Chen, P.H. Chou, E.A. Marquis, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2014, vol. 451, pp. 130-136.
D.J. Edwards, E.P. Simonen, S.M. Bruemmer, Journal of nuclear materials, 2003, vol. 317, pp. 13-31
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge technical support and funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Award FA9550-14-1-0249, the DOE Office of Nuclear Energy’s Nuclear Energy University Program; the technical staff at the University of Michigan Center for Materials Characterization and Michigan Ion Beam Laboratory. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Gracie Burke (University of Manchester) and Dr. Julie Tucker (Oregon State University) for providing the alloy used in this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Manuscript submitted May 21, 2019.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ghamarian, I., Yu, LJ. & Marquis, E.A. Quantification of Solute Topology in Atom Probe Tomography Data: Application to the Microstructure of a Proton-Irradiated Alloy 625. Metall Mater Trans A 51, 42–50 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-019-05520-6
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-019-05520-6