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Brain activation and connectivity in anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder when viewing bodies: relationships to clinical symptoms and perception of appearance

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Abstract

Anorexia nervosa (AN) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) are characterized by distorted perception of appearance, yet no studies have directly compared the neurobiology associated with body perception. We compared AN and BDD in brain activation and connectivity in relevant networks when viewing images of others’ bodies and tested their relationships with clinical symptoms and subjective appearance evaluations. We acquired fMRI data from 64 unmedicated females (20 weight-restored AN, 23 BDD, 21 controls) during a matching task using unaltered or spatial-frequency filtered photos of others’ bodies. Using general linear model and independent components analyses we compared brain activation and connectivity in visual, striatal, and parietal networks and performed univariate and partial least squares multivariate analyses to investigate relationships with clinical symptoms and appearance evaluations. AN and BDD showed partially overlapping patterns of hyperconnectivity in the dorsal visual network and hypoconnectivity in parietal network compared with controls. BDD, but not AN, demonstrated hypoactivity in dorsal visual and parietal networks compared to controls. Further, there were significant activity and connectivity differences between AN and BDD in both networks. In both groups, activity and/or connectivity were associated with symptom severity and appearance ratings of others’ bodies. Thus, AN and BDD demonstrate both distinct and partially-overlapping aberrant neural phenotypes involved in body processing and visually encoding global features. Nevertheless, in each disorder, aberrant activity and connectivity show relationships to clinically relevant symptoms and subjective perception. These results have implications for understanding distinct and shared pathophysiology underlying perceptual distortions of appearance and may inform future novel treatment strategies.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Amy Yu for contributions to the figures. Results were presented in part at the 56th ACNP Annual Meeting, 2017.

Funding

National Institutes of Health, USA grant R01MH093535 (Feusner) & T32 GM08042 (Porterra).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024-1759, USA

    Teena D. Moody, Gigi Cheng, Courtney L. Sheen, Michael Strober & Jamie D. Feusner

  2. UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Teena D. Moody, Gigi Cheng, Courtney L. Sheen, Wesley T Kerr, Michael Strober & Jamie D. Feusner

  3. Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Francesca Morfini

  4. Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Wesley T Kerr

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The authors report no competing interests. The funding sources had no participation in conducting the study. The UCLA Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved the study.

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Teena D Moody declares that she has no conflict of interest. Francesca Morfini declares that she has no conflict of interest. Gigi Cheng declares that she has no conflict of interest. Courtney Sheen declares that she has no conflict of interest. Wesley Kerr declares that he has no conflict of interest. Michael Strober declares that he has no conflict of interest. Jamie Feusner declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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Moody, T.D., Morfini, F., Cheng, G. et al. Brain activation and connectivity in anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder when viewing bodies: relationships to clinical symptoms and perception of appearance. Brain Imaging and Behavior 15, 1235–1252 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-020-00323-5

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