Abstract
Copper has received extensive attention in the field of catalysis due to its rich natural reserves, low cost, and superior catalytic performance. Herein, we reviewed two modification mechanisms of co-catalyst on the coordination environment change of Cu-based catalysts: (1) change the electronic orbitals and geometric structure of Cu without any catalytic functions; (2) act as an additional active site with a certain catalytic function, as well as their catalytic mechanism in major reactions, including the hydrogenation to alcohols, dehydrogenation of alcohols, water gas shift reaction, reduction of nitrogenous compounds, electrocatalysis and others. The influencing mechanisms of different types of auxiliary metals on the structure-activity relationship of Cu-based catalysts in these reactions were especially summarized and discussed. The mechanistic understanding can provide significant guidance for the design and controllable synthesis of novel Cu-based catalysts used in many industrial reactions.
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Abbreviations
- NPs:
-
Nanoparticles
- CSNPs:
-
Core-shell nanoparticles
- WGS:
-
Water gas shift
- DFT:
-
Density functional theory
- CNFs:
-
Carbon nanofibers
- PROX:
-
Preferential oxidation reaction
- GHR:
-
Glycerol hydrogenolysis reaction
- 1,2-PDO:
-
1,2-Propanediol
- H2-TPR:
-
H2-temperature programmed reduction
- IWI:
-
Incipient wetness impregnation
- NH3-TPD:
-
NH3-temperature programmed desorption
- CTH:
-
Catalytic transfer hydrogenation
- APR:
-
Aqueous phase reforming
- HR-TEM:
-
High resolution-transmission electron microscope
- XPS:
-
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- EL:
-
Ethyl levulinate
- WHSV:
-
Weight hourly space velocity
- TOF:
-
Turnover frequency
- MA:
-
Mesoporous alumina
- GHSV:
-
Gas hourly space velocity
- LHSV:
-
Liquid hour space velocity
- CNT:
-
Carbon nanotube
- GVL:
-
γ-Valerolactone
- 1,4-PeD:
-
1,4-pentanediol
- GBL:
-
γ-Butyrolactone
- STY:
-
Space time yield
- DRIFTS:
-
Diffused reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy
- FTs:
-
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
- STM:
-
Scanning tunneling microscope
- LDHs:
-
Layered double hydroxides
- CFs:
-
Carbon fibers
- BTC:
-
1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid
- DBA:
-
3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanal
- ACF:
-
Activated carbon fibrous
- XRD:
-
X-ray diffraction
- DBO:
-
3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol
- MWCNT:
-
Multi-walled carbon nanotube
- OWGS:
-
Oxygen-assisted-water gas shift
- DP:
-
Deposition-precipitation
- WSV:
-
Water space velocity
- SCR:
-
Selective catalytic reduction
- OMC:
-
Ordered mesoporous carbons
- DFS:
-
Depleted fullerene soot
- TNTs:
-
Titanate nanotubes
- SS:
-
Stainless steel
- 4-NP:
-
4-Nitrophenol
- NZVI:
-
Nanoscale zerovalent iron
- AC:
-
Activated carbon
- AC1:
-
Oxidation of AC in liquid phase with HNO3
- AC2:
-
Heat treatment of AC1 during 1 h at 700°C under N2
- AC3:
-
Heat treatment of AC1 during 1 h at 700°C under H2 flow
- CNT1:
-
Carbon nanotubes sample Nanocyl-3100
- CNT2:
-
Carbon nanotubes treated in an acid bath of H2SO4 (50 vol.%)
- CXG:
-
Carbon xerogel
- P-DB:
-
p-Dinitrobenzene
- 4-AP:
-
4-Aminophenol
- 4-NA:
-
4-Nitroaniline
- 4-BTN:
-
4-Bromonitrobenzene
- 2-NP:
-
2-Nitrophenol
- GP:
-
Ginger rhizome powder
- NMA:
-
3-Nitro-4-methoxy-acetylaniline
- AAPTMS:
-
N-(2 amino ethyl)-3-amino propyl trimethoxy silane
- GO:
-
Graphene oxide
- CA:
-
Cellulose acetate
- 3DG:
-
Three-dimensional graphene
- ORR:
-
Oxygen reduction reaction
- EXAFS:
-
Extended x-ray absorption fine structure
- NPCC:
-
Nanoporous carbon composite
- CB:
-
Conduction band
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21576205). The authors also thank Prof. Jinlong Gong in School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University for his helpful suggestions and comments in the preparation of this manuscript.
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Han, Y., Wang, Y., Ma, T. et al. Mechanistic understanding of Cu-based bimetallic catalysts. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng. 14, 689–748 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-019-1902-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-019-1902-4