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Stimulations cérébrales non invasives : une nouvelle option thérapeutique pour la douleur chronique ?

Noninvasive brain stimulation: a new therapeutic option in chronic pain?

  • Mise Au Point / Update
  • Published:
Douleur et Analgésie

Résumé

La prise en charge de la douleur chronique par des traitements médicamenteux est limitée par des problèmes d’efficacité et de tolérance. La stimulation épidurale implantée du cortex moteur primaire (MCS pour motor cortex stimulation) a montré son efficacité dans ce cas. L’objectif des techniques de stimulation non invasive est d’essayer d’obtenir le même type d’effet sans nécessiter de chirurgie. La stimulation magnétique transcrânienne répétitive (rTMS pour repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) a un mode d’action proche de celui de la MCS. En ciblant le cortex moteur primaire, il est possible d’obtenir un effet antalgique qui peut se prolonger pendant plus de deux semaines après chaque séance. En ce qui concerne la stimulation électrique transcrânienne, elle peut reposer sur l’application d’un courant continu (tDCS pour transcranial direct current stimulation) ou d’un courant alternatif (tACS pour transcranial alternating current stimulation et tRNS pour transcranial random noise stimulation). Cette stimulation électrique induit une modulation du potentiel de membrane d’une large zone cérébrale. L’objectif de ce bref article est d’exposer quelques données récentes sur le mode d’action et l’efficacité de ces deux techniques.

Abstract

Chronic pain care with pharmacological treatment is limited due to efficacy and tolerance. Epidural motor cortex stimulation (MCS) has proven to be effective for pain relief in chronic pain. The aim of these noninvasive stimulation techniques is to obtain the same efficacy while avoiding surgery. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has an action mode similar to MCS. Targeting the primary motor cortex, it is possible to obtain an analgesic effect that can last for > 2 weeks after each session. Concerning transcranial electrical stimulation, it can rely on direct current (tDCS for transcranial Direct Current Stimulation) or alternating current (tACS for transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation and tRNS for transcranial Random Noise Stimulation). This electrical stimulation leads to a modification of the membrane potential from a large brain zone. The aim of this brief article is to give several recent information concerning the mode of action and the efficacy of these two techniques.

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  1. Service de neurologie, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, université Clermont-Auvergne, 58, rue Montalembert, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    X. Moisset

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Moisset, X. Stimulations cérébrales non invasives : une nouvelle option thérapeutique pour la douleur chronique ?. Douleur analg 30, 192–198 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11724-017-0532-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11724-017-0532-1

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