Abstract
The paper derives the throughput of wireless communications using reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) with energy harvesting. The base station (BS) harvests energy using radio frequency signals received from node A over \(n_r\) antennas. The harvested energy is used to transmit data to N users. We optimize harvesting duration to maximize the throughput. We also suggest the use of two RIS. The first RIS is placed between node A and BS to improve the energy harvesting process. The second RIS is placed between BS and users so that all reflections have the same phase at each user. A set of reflectors is dedicated to each user. We show that wireless communication with eight and sixteen reflectors dedicated to a given user offers 12 and 18 dB gain with respect to wireless communications with energy harvesting and without RIS. The proposed wireless communications with two RIS with eight reflectors offer 27 dB gain with respect to wireless communications without RIS.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Basar, E., Di Renzo, M., De Rosny, J., Debbah, M., Alouini, M.-S., Zhang, R.: Wireless communications through reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. IEEE Access 7, 116753–116773 (2019)
Zhang, H., Di, B., Song, L., Han, Z.: Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces assisted communications with limited phase shifts: How many phase shifts are enough? IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 69(4), 4498–4502 (2020)
Di Renzo M.: 6G Wireless: Wireless Networks Empowered by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces. In: 2019 25th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC)
Basar, E.: Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Based Index Modulation: A New Beyond MIMO Paradigm for 6G. IEEE Transactions on Communications, Early Access Article (2020)
Wu, Q., Zhang, R.: Towards smart and reconfigurable environment: intelligent reflecting surface aided wireless network. IEEE Commun. Mag. 58(1), 106–112 (2020)
Huang, C., Zappone, A., Alexandropoulos, G.C., Debbah, M., Yuen, C.: Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for energy efficiency in wireless communication. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 18(8), 4157–4170 (2019)
Alexandropoulos, G.C., Vlachos, E.: A Hardware Architecture For Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces with Minimal Active Elements for Explicit Channel Estimation. In: ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), (2020)
Guo, H., Liang, Y.-C., Chen, J., Larsson, E.G.: Weighted Sum-Rate Maximization for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Wireless Networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Early Access Article (2020)
Thirumavalavan, V.C., Jayaraman, T.S.: BER Analysis of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted Downlink Power Domain NOMA System. In: 2020 International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworkS (COMSNETS), (2020)
Pradhan, C., Li, A., Song, L., Vucetic, B., Li, Y.: Hybrid Precoding Design for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface aided mmWave Communication Systems. In: IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, Early Access Article (2020)
Ying, K., Gao, Z., Lyu, S., Wu, Y., Wang, H., Alouini, M.-S.: GMD-based hybrid beamforming for large reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted millimeter-wave massive MIMO. IEEE Access 8, 19530–19539 (2020)
Yang, L., Guo, W., Ansari, I.S.: Mixed Dual-Hop FSO-RF Communication Systems Through Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface. IEEE Communications Letters, Early Access Article (2020)
Di, B., Zhang, H., Li, L., Song, L., Li, Y., Han, Z.: Practical hybrid beamforming with finite-resolution phase shifters for reconfigurable intelligent surface based multi-user communications. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 69(4), 4565–4570 (2020)
Nadeem, Q.-U.-A., Kammoun, A., Chaaban, A., Debbah, M., Alouini, M.-S.: Asymptotic Max-Min SINR Analysis of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted MISO Systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Early Access Article (2020)
Zhao, W., Wang, G., Atapattu, S., Tsiftsis, T.A., Tellambura, C.: Is Backscatter Link Stronger than Direct Link in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted System?. IEEE Communications Letters, Early Access Article (2020)
Li, S., Duo, B., Yuan, X., Liang, Y.-C., Marco, Di R.: Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted UAV Communication: Joint Trajectory Design and Passive Beamforming. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, Early Access Article (2020)
Hua, S., Shi, Y.: Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface for Green Edge Inference in Machine Learning. In: 2019 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), (2019)
Huang, C., Alexandropoulos, G.C., Yuen, C., Debbah, M.: Indoor Signal Focusing with Deep Learning Designed Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces. In: 2019 IEEE 20th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC), (2019)
Dai, L., Wang, B., Wang, M., Yang, X., Tan, J., Bi, S., Xu, S., Yang, F., Chen, Z., Di Renzo, M., Chae, C.-B., Hanzo, L.: Reconfigurable intelligent surface-based wireless communications: antenna design, prototyping, and experimental results. IEEE Access 8, 45913–45923 (2020)
Abou-Nassar, E.M., Iliyasu, A.M., El-Kafrawy, P.M., Song, O.Y., Bashir, A.K., Abd El-Latif, A.A.: DITrust chain: towards blockchain-based trust models for sustainable healthcare IoT systems. IEEE Access 8, 111223–111238 (2020)
Zhang, W.Z., Elgendy, I.A., Hammad, M., Iliyasu, A.M., Du, X., Guizani, M., Abd El-Latif, A.A.: Secure and Optimized Load Balancing for Multi-Tier IoT and Edge-Cloud Computing Systems. In: IEEE Internet of Things Journal, (2020)
Liu, Y., Peng, J., Kang, J., Iliyasu, A.M., Niyato, D., Abd El-Latif, A.A.: A secure federated learning framework for 5G networks. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 27(4), 24–31 (2020). (9170265)
Wells, W.T., Anderson, R.L., Cell, J.W.: The distribution of the product of two central or non-central chi-square variates. Ann. Math. Stat. 33(3), 1016–1020 (1962)
Najafi, M., Jamali, V., Diamantoulakis, P.D., Karagiannidis, G.K., Schober, R.: Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for FSO Backhauling. IEEE WCNC, Barcelona (2018)
Xi, Y., Burr, A., Wei, J.B., Grace, D.: A general upper bound to evaluate packet error rate over quasi-static fading channels. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 10(5), 1373–1377 (2011)
Proakis, J.: Digital Communications, 5th edn. Mac Graw-Hill, New York (2007)
Funding
This publication was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alanazi, F. Wireless communication through reconfigurable intelligent surfaces with multi-antenna energy harvesting. SIViP 15, 1881–1888 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-021-01938-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-021-01938-x