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Risk assessment of occupational and public exposures to airborne particulate matter arising from a subway construction site in Tehran, Iran

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the health risk of occupational and public exposures to airborne particulate matter (PM) arising from a subway construction site in Tehran, Iran. The occupational exposure was determined by personal sampling in three occupational groups (drivers, workers, and engineers) and the environmental emission was estimated by sampling from five point exhausts. The PM was measured in terms of total suspended particles (TSP), particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10), and less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5). The ambient air concentrations of PM were modeled using AERMOD software and the health risk was estimated using AirQ+ software. The average (± standard deviation: SD) concentrations of TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 in the personal sampling were determined to be 3620 ± 250, 1690 ± 260, and 1350 ± 140 μg/m3 for drivers, 2190 ± 200, 1210 ± 310, and 960 ± 190 μg/m3 for workers, 690 ± 70, 410 ± 100, and 320 ± 60 μg/m3 for engineers, respectively. The average PM2.5/PM10 ratio in the workplace and exhausts was as high as 0.79. The average increases in ambient air PM2.5 concentrations in the surrounding areas were predicted to be in the range of 2.4–23.8 μg/m3. The all-cause death rates (per 100,000 persons) attributable to PM2.5 from the construction project for the drivers, workers, engineers, and general people were estimated to be as high as 225, 214.5, 193, and 18, respectively. The results indicated that the health effects of the PM emission in the subway construction site were remarkable; therefore, more control measures for the workplace exposure and environmental emission should be considered.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Grant Number 23975. The authors would like to thank the staff of Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran, for their collaboration in this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Reza Saeedi & Shokooh Sadat Khaloo

  2. Department of Health, Safety and Environment, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Reza Saeedi, Reza Khani Jazani, Shokooh Sadat Khaloo, Sama Amirkhani Ardeh & Hassan Nikukalam

  3. Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

    Reza Fouladi-Fard

  4. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

    Reza Fouladi-Fard

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  1. Reza Saeedi
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  4. Sama Amirkhani Ardeh
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Correspondence to Hassan Nikukalam.

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Saeedi, R., Khani Jazani, R., Khaloo, S.S. et al. Risk assessment of occupational and public exposures to airborne particulate matter arising from a subway construction site in Tehran, Iran. Air Qual Atmos Health 14, 855–862 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-021-00984-1

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