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How Well Can We Control Dyslipidemias Through Lifestyle Modifications?

  • Lipid Abnormalities and Cardiovascular Prevention (G De Backer, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

The role for lifestyle modifications to correct dyslipidemia(s) is reviewed. Dietary composition is crucial. Replacing saturated fat with MUFA or n-6 PUFA lowers plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol and ameliorates the LDL/HDL ratio. Replacing saturated fat with carbohydrates has diverging effects due to the heterogeneity of carbohydrate foods. Diets rich in refined carbohydrates increase fasting and postprandial triglycerides, whereas the consumption of fiber-rich, low GI foods lowers LDL cholesterol with no detrimental effects on triglycerides. The role of polyphenols is debated: available evidence suggests a lowering effect of polyphenol-rich foods on postprandial triglycerides. As for functional foods, health claims on a cholesterol lowering effect of psyllium, beta-glucans and phytosterols are accepted by regulatory agencies. The importance of alcohol intake, weight reduction, and physical activity is discussed. In conclusion, there is evidence that lifestyle affects plasma lipid. A multifactorial approach including multiple changes with additive effects is the best option. This may also ensure feasibility and durability. The traditional Mediterranean way of life can represent a useful model.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy

    Gabriele Riccardi, Olga Vaccaro, Giuseppina Costabile & Angela A. Rivellese

Authors
  1. Gabriele Riccardi
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  2. Olga Vaccaro
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  3. Giuseppina Costabile
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  4. Angela A. Rivellese
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Correspondence to Gabriele Riccardi.

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Gabriele Riccardi, Olga Vaccaro, Giuseppina Costabile, and Angela A. Rivellese declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Lipid Abnormalities and Cardiovascular Prevention

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Riccardi, G., Vaccaro, O., Costabile, G. et al. How Well Can We Control Dyslipidemias Through Lifestyle Modifications?. Curr Cardiol Rep 18, 66 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-016-0744-7

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