Abstract
Among the rest raw material in herring (Clupea harengus) fractions, produced during the filleting process of herring, there are high-value products such as roe and milt. As of today, there has been little or no major effort to process these by-products in an acceptable state, except for by manual separation and mostly mixed into low-value products. Even though pure roe and milt fractions can be sold for as much as ten times the value of the mixed fractions, the separation costs using manual techniques render this economically unsustainable. Automating this separation process could potentially give the pelagic fish industry better raw material utilization and a substantial additional income. In this paper, a robust classification approach is described, which enables separation of these by-products based on their distinct reflectance features. The analysis is conducted using data from image recordings of by-products delivered by a herring processing factory. The image data is divided into three respective classes: roe, milt, and waste (other). Classifier model tuning and analysis are done using multiclass support vector machines (SVMs). A grid search and cross-validation are applied to investigate the separation of the classes. Two-class separation was possible between milt/roe and roe/waste. However, separation of milt from waste proved to be the most difficult task, but it was shown that a grid search maximizing the precision—the true positive rate of the predictions—results in a precise SVM model that also has a high recall rate for milt versus waste.
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Notes
NIR – Near infra-red
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Acknowledgments
The work in this paper was financed by the Norwegian Research Council through project grant no. 219204. We thank the herring processing plant Nergård Sild for providing us with vacuum-packed herring fractions that were used in the experiments in this paper. We thank Henning Grande and Halgeir Hansen, Nergård Sild AS, for being the industry contacts for the project of which this paper is a part. We thank Cecilie Salomonsen for making the 3D illustration in Fig. 3.
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Guttormsen, E., Toldnes, B., Bondø, M. et al. A Machine Vision System for Robust Sorting of Herring Fractions. Food Bioprocess Technol 9, 1893–1900 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-016-1774-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-016-1774-2