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What is the Role of Lipid Membrane-embedded Quinones in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts? Chemiosmotic Q-cycle versus Murburn Reaction Perspective

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Abstract

Quinones are found in the lipid membranes of prokaryotes like E. coli and cyanobacteria, and are also abundant in eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts. They are intricately involved in the reaction mechanism of redox phosphorylations. In the Mitchellian chemiosmotic school of thought, membrane-lodged quinones are perceived as highly mobile conveyors of two-electron equivalents from the first leg of Electron Transport Chain (ETC) to the ‘second pit-stop’ of Cytochrome bc1 or b6f complex (CBC), where they undergo a regenerative ‘Q-cycle’. In Manoj’s murburn mechanism, the membrane-lodged quinones are perceived as relatively slow-moving one- or two- electron donors/acceptors, enabling charge separation and the CBC resets a one-electron paradigm via ‘turbo logic’. Herein, we compare various purviews of the two mechanistic schools with respect to: constraints in mobility, protons’ availability, binding of quinones with proteins, structural features of the protein complexes, energetics of reaction, overall reaction logic, etc. From various perspectives, the murburn mechanism appeals as a viable alternative explanation well-rooted in thermodynamics/kinetics and one which lends adequate structure-function correlations for the roles of quinones, lipid membrane and associated proteins.

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Acknowledgements

The work was powered by Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation. We acknowledge Vivian David Jacob (Bioculer) for improving the readability of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Kulappully, Shoranur-2 (PO), Palakkad, Kerala, 679122, India

    Kelath Murali Manoj & Daniel Andrew Gideon

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522213, India

    Abhinav Parashar

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  1. Kelath Murali Manoj
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Manoj, K.M., Gideon, D.A. & Parashar, A. What is the Role of Lipid Membrane-embedded Quinones in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts? Chemiosmotic Q-cycle versus Murburn Reaction Perspective. Cell Biochem Biophys 79, 3–10 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-020-00945-y

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