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An Overview on Promising Somatic Cell Sources Utilized for the Efficient Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Abstract

Human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) have enormous potential in understanding developmental biology, disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. The initial human iPSC studies used fibroblasts as a starting cell source to reprogram them; however, it has been identified to be a less appealing somatic cell source by numerous studies due to various reasons. One of the important criteria to achieve efficient reprogramming is determining an appropriate starting somatic cell type to induce pluripotency since the cellular source has a major influence on the reprogramming efficiency, kinetics, and quality of iPSCs. Therefore, numerous groups have explored various somatic cell sources to identify the promising sources for reprogramming into iPSCs with different reprogramming factor combinations. This review provides an overview of promising easily accessible somatic cell sources isolated in non-invasive or minimally invasive manner such as keratinocytes, urine cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells used for the generation of human iPSCs derived from healthy and diseased subjects. Notably, iPSCs generated from one of these cell types derived from the patient will offer ethical and clinical advantages. In addition, these promising somatic cell sources have the potential to efficiently generate bona fide iPSCs with improved reprogramming efficiency and faster kinetics. This knowledge will help in establishing strategies for safe and efficient reprogramming and the generation of patient-specific iPSCs from these cell types.

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Acknowledgements

We thank all the members of the Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (SCERM) for their excellent support. This work was supported by North Eastern Region – Biotechnology Programme Management Cell (NERBPMC), Department of Biotechnology, Government of India (BT/PR16655/NER/95/132/2015), and also by IIT Guwahati Institutional Top-Up on Start-Up Grant.

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Author notes

  1. Arnab Ray, Jahnavy Madhukar Joshi and Pradeep Kumar Sundaravadivelu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India

    Arnab Ray, Pradeep Kumar Sundaravadivelu, Khyati Raina & Rajkumar P Thummer

  2. Central Research Laboratory, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, 580009, Karnataka, India

    Jahnavy Madhukar Joshi & Vishwas Kaveeshwar

  3. National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Pune - 411007, Ganeshkhind, Maharashtra, India

    Nibedita Lenka

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  1. Arnab Ray
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  4. Khyati Raina
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  7. Rajkumar P Thummer
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the conception and design of this manuscript. Data collection and interpretation were performed by all the authors. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Arnab Ray (wrote the section on urine cells) and Jahnavy Madhukar Joshi (wrote the section on PBMCs) and Pradeep Kumar Sundaravadivelu (wrote the section on keratinocytes) and thoroughly cross-checked by Khyati Raina. All the authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final draft of the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Vishwas Kaveeshwar or Rajkumar P Thummer.

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Ray, A., Joshi, J.M., Sundaravadivelu, P.K. et al. An Overview on Promising Somatic Cell Sources Utilized for the Efficient Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev and Rep 17, 1954–1974 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-021-10200-3

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