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Clinical perspectives in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11β-hydroxylase deficiency

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Abstract

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder. It is caused by reduced or absent activity of 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) enzyme and the resultant defects in adrenal steroidogenesis. The most common clinical features of 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency are ambiguous genitalia, accelerated skeletal maturation and resultant short stature, peripheral precocious puberty and hyporeninemic hypokalemic hypertension. The biochemical diagnosis is based on raised serum 11-deoxycortisol and 11-deoxycorticosterone levels together with increased adrenal androgens. More than 100 mutations in CYP11B1 gene have been reported to date. The level of in-vivo activity of CYP11B1 relates to the degree of severity of 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency. Clinical management of 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency can pose a challenge to maintain adequate glucocorticoid dosing to suppress adrenal androgen excess while avoiding glucocorticoid-induced side effects. The long-term outcomes of clinical and surgical management are not well studied. This review article aims to collate the current available data about 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency and its management.

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Funding

Dr Krupali Bulsari has not received funding or research grant for this study. Associate Prof Henrik Falhammar has received support from the Magnus Bergvall Foundation, Karolinska Institutet and the Stockholm County Council.

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  1. Department of Endocrinology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT, Australia

    Krupali Bulsari & Henrik Falhammar

  2. Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

    Henrik Falhammar

  3. Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Henrik Falhammar

  4. Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia

    Henrik Falhammar

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  1. Krupali Bulsari
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Bulsari, K., Falhammar, H. Clinical perspectives in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11β-hydroxylase deficiency. Endocrine 55, 19–36 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-016-1189-x

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