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Elevation of Pro-inflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Rat Serum after Acute Methamphetamine Treatment and Traumatic Brain Injury

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A Correction to this article was published on 07 November 2021

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Abstract

The use of methamphetamine (METH) is a growing worldwide epidemic that bears grave societal implications. METH is known to exert its neurotoxic effects on the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems of the brain. In addition to this classical studied mechanism of damage, findings from our laboratory and others have shown that acute METH treatment and mechanical injury, i.e. traumatic brain injury (TBI), share common cell injury mechanism(s). Since neuro-inflammation is a signature event in TBI, we hypothesize that certain cytokine levels might also be altered in rat brain exposed to an acute METH insult. In this study, using a cytokine antibody array chip, we evaluated the serum levels of 19 cytokines in rats 24 h after exposure to a 40 mg/kg acute regimen of METH. Data were compared to rats subjected to experimental TBI using the controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury model and saline controls. Sandwich ELISA method was used to further validate some of the findings obtained from the antibody cytokine array. We confirmed that three major inflammatory-linked cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) were elevated in the METH and TBI groups compared to the saline group. Such finding suggests the involvement of an inflammatory process in these brain insults, indicating that METH use is, in fact, a stressor to the immune system where systemic involvement of an altered cytokine profile may play a major role in mediating chemical brain injury after METH use.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article

Change history

Abbreviations

IL:

Interleukin

METH:

Methamphetamine

DA:

Dopamine

TBI:

Traumatic brain injury

NK:

Natural killers

APC:

Antigen-presenting cells

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Zaynab Shakkour for helping in editing and correcting the article. We declare that all authors contributed significantly to the study and accepted the manuscript for submission. There are no conflicts of interest by any of the authors. All authors have read and approved the submission of the manuscript; the manuscript has not been published and is not being considered for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part, in any language.

Funding

This study was supported in part by the Donald and Irene Dizney Eminent Scholar Chair, held by Mark Gold, M.D. Distinguished Professor, McKnight Brain Institute and also by the Department of Defense (DOD) grant # DAMD17-03–1-0066.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

    Firas H. Kobeissy & Zaynab Shakkour

  2. Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics, and Biomarkers Research, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Firas H. Kobeissy & Kevin K. W. Wang

  3. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Firas H. Kobeissy & Kevin K. W. Wang

  4. Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

    Samer El Hayek

  5. Clinical Pharmacology Department, Menoufia Medical School, Menoufia University, Al Minufya, Egypt

    Wael Mohamed

  6. Basic medical science department, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Wael Mohamed

  7. Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, and National Council, Washington University in St. Louis, Institute for Public Health, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Mark S. Gold

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  1. Firas H. Kobeissy
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  2. Zaynab Shakkour
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  3. Samer El Hayek
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  4. Wael Mohamed
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Contributions

FK, KW, and MSG conceived and designed the study. FK and ZS collected the data. FK, SEH, and ZS contributed to data analysis. FK performed the experiments, WM, ZS, and SEH drafted the manuscript. All authors reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kevin K. W. Wang.

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All the animal experiments in our study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at the University of Florida.

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All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

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The original version of this article, published on 20 September 2021, the authors have found an error. The fourth author family name is incorrect. Wael Mohammad should be "Wael Mohamed".

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Kobeissy, F.H., Shakkour, Z., Hayek, S.E. et al. Elevation of Pro-inflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Rat Serum after Acute Methamphetamine Treatment and Traumatic Brain Injury. J Mol Neurosci 72, 158–168 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-021-01886-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-021-01886-8

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