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A New Plant Expression System for Producing Pharmaceutical Proteins

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Abstract

In the past decade, interest in the production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins in plants has tremendously progressed because plants do not harbor mammalian viruses, are economically competitive, easily scalable, and capable of carrying out complex post-translational modifications required for recombinant pharmaceutical proteins. Mucuna bracteata is an essential perennial cover crop species widely planted as an underground cover in oil palm and rubber plantations. As a legume, they have high biomass, thrive in its habitat, and can fix nitrogen. Thus, M. bracteata is a cost-efficient crop that shows ideal characteristics as a platform for mass production of recombinant protein. In this study, we established a new platform for the transient production of a recombinant protein in M. bracteata via vacuum-assisted agro-infiltration. Five-week-old M. bracteata plants were vacuum infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring a plasmid that encodes for an anti-toxoplasma immunoglobulin (IgG) under different parameters, including trifoliate leaf positional effects, days to harvest post-infiltration, and the Agrobacterium strain used. Our results showed that vacuum infiltration of M. bracteata plant with A. tumefaciens strain GV3101 produced the highest concentration of heterologous protein in its bottom trifoliate leaf at 2 days post-infiltration. The purified anti-toxoplasma IgG was then analyzed using Western blot and ELISA. It was demonstrated that, while structural heterogeneity existed in the purified anti-toxoplasma IgG from M. bracteata, its transient expression level was two-fold higher than the model platform, Nicotiana benthamiana. This study has laid the foundation towards establishing M. bracteata as a potential platform for the production of recombinant pharmaceutical protein.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge University of Malaya PPP Grant (Grant No: PG254-2016A) and High Impact Research Programme of University of Malaya, Malaysia (UM.C/625/1/HIR/MOHE/SCI/18).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Nazrin Abd-Aziz, Nur Ardiyana Rejab, Rofina Yasmin Othman & Norzulaani Khalid

  2. Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Boon Chin Tan, Nur Ardiyana Rejab, Rofina Yasmin Othman & Norzulaani Khalid

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  1. Nazrin Abd-Aziz
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  2. Boon Chin Tan
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NAA designed the experiments, conducted the experiments and analyzed data; NAA, BCT, NAR, RYO, NK conceived the idea and wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rofina Yasmin Othman or Norzulaani Khalid.

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Abd-Aziz, N., Tan, B.C., Rejab, N.A. et al. A New Plant Expression System for Producing Pharmaceutical Proteins. Mol Biotechnol 62, 240–251 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-020-00242-2

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